Introduction to Operating Systems Questions

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

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The main functions of an operating system include managing hardware resources, providing a user interface, executing and providing services for applications, and ensuring security and access control.

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Three types of operating systems are batch operating systems, time-sharing operating systems, and real-time operating systems.

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The kernel is the core component of an operating system that manages system resources, such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices, and facilitates interactions between hardware and software.

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A monolithic kernel includes all the essential services like device drivers, file system management, and system server calls in one large block of code running in a single address space, whereas a microkernel separates these services into user space, with the kernel itself only handling basic services like communication and basic I/O.

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Virtual memory is a memory management capability that provides an idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory.

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The OS manages memory using techniques such as paging, segmentation, and virtual memory to allocate and deallocate memory spaces, ensuring efficient use of available memory and isolation between processes.

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A process is an instance of a program in execution, which includes the program code, its current activity represented by the program counter, registers, and variables.

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