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In winkelwagenSpinal cord injury (SCI)=
Complete form=
Incomplete form=
results in the impairment or loss of motor function or sensory function in the trunk or limbs due to irreversible damage to the neural tissues within the spinal canal
if the injury occurs between the highest thoracic (T-1) and highest cervical (C-1) segments of the spine, impairment of arms, trunk, legs AND pelvic organs occur (quadriplegia= tetraplegia)
T-2 to T-12 causes impairment of trunk, legs OR pelvic organs or in more than one of these (paraplegia)
injury to the spinal cord has been only partial, some sensation or motor function at least partially intact below the level of injury
*T-3/T-4 and above are prone to symptomatic bradycardia (low HR), primary cardiac arrest and serious cardiac conduction disturbances
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Common cardiovascular problems with SCI:
Orthostatic hypotension, autonomic dysreflexia (AD), impaired transmission of cardiogenic pain (T-4 and above), quadriplegic cardiac atrophy (loss of left ventricular mass), loss of reflex cardiac acceleration (T-1 through T-4 and above), atrial fibrillation and other cardiac conduction disorders, congestive heart failure, pseudomyocardial infarction (abnormal ST-wave changes), sudden death due to asystole (stilstaan hart), ahterosclerosis and its manifestations of angina pectoris (hart kramp) and myocardial infarction
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Atonomic dysreflexia=
results from noxious stimuli such as distended. bladder or bowel, constricted clothing and infections that cause heightened sympathetic nervous system activity resulting in the sudden onset of hypertension (AD can be lifetreathening)
**beschadiging van het ruggenmerg boven het niveau van de middelste borstwervels. Door deze beschadiging is er overactiviteit van het sympathische deel van het autonome zenuwstelsel resulterend in hypertensie
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The most common exercise induced injuries occur at the ..., ... and ... and are often overuse injuries
.... can be expected in persons with SCI (T-6 or above)
- tips:
persons with SCI have poor ...
- tips:
shoulders, wrists and elbows
disorders of temperature regulation, unable to adequately thermoregulate through sweating or shivering
- wet suit in cool pool, cool water when hot, adequate hydration, good nutrition and fluid intake, loose fitting/lightweight/breathable materials, cool water/sport drinks, beware of burns of cold- and heat packs
venous return, particularly ni seated or upright posture due to lower limb venous pooling secondary to lack of sympathetic tone and absence of the venous muscle pump, limits degree of cardiovascular trainability and can result in HYPOTENSION during exercise
- training supine posture (improve upperbody arm exercise), use gradient style compression hosiery (prevent swelling lower extremities)
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HEALTH ISSUES SCI
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-
-
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- metabolic disturbances: insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
- frequencies of dyslipidemia, hypertension and CVD
- tetraplegia; atrophy of cardiac muscle; cardiac dysfunction, impairing exercise tolerance and increasing risk for congestive heart failure
- shortness of breath, excessive sweating, fatigue, light-headedness or sensation of fainting and palpitations
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Exercise and training SCI
- extensive skeletal muscle paralysis and sympathetic autonomic nervous system impairment reduce:
- most common mode of exercise testing:
- physical activity and fitness level:
- reduce the capacity to support high rates of breathing frequency, HR, cardiac output and metabolism
- arm crank ergometer, because of high risk of cardiovascular impairment (maximal testing only in medical setting), submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness testing, wheelchair ergometers
- above T-6 (tetraplegia) reduced cardiorespiratory fitness; tetraplegia problems for cardiorespiratory training in upright posture, peak HR 120-130
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Hypokinetic circulation=
Forced vital capacity=
*is reduced by 50% in persons with high tetraplegia
upper body peripheral vasodilation during exercise is not compensated adequately by concomitant lower limb vasoconstriction; reduces central circulatory volume and thereby limits hemodynamic responses to exercise
total volume of air forcefully exhaled
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Exercise prescription SCI
- cardiorespiratory training:
- RT:
people with SCI should strive for:
people with SCI are prone to:
- 40-60% of maximal oxygen uptake, 10-20 minutes, 3 days/week or every other day
- 8-12 exercises, 40-70% of 1RM, 2-3 sets, 8-12 reps, 1-2 minutes of rest between sets
minimum of 30 minutes or more of physical activity on most of all days of the week
spasticity (exaggerated muscle tone and reflexes which can impair the ability to exercise; w-up with systematic, progressive increase in intensity and slow-paced muscle action during RT can limit spasticity
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Oefenvragen makensamenvatting oefenvragen hoofdstuk 22 van het NSCA boek, minor PT aan de HvA.
21 oefenvragen
English
10-11-2021
HBO / Hogeschool van Amsterdam / Voeding en Diëtetiek / Minor Personal Trainer
Spinal cord injury (SCI)=
Complete form=
Incomplete form=
Common cardiovascular problems with SCI:
Atonomic dysreflexia=
results from noxious stimuli such as distended. bladder or bowel, constricted clothing and infections that cause heightened sympathetic nervous system activity resulting in the sudden onset of hypertension (AD can be lifetreathening)The most common exercise induced injuries occur at the ..., ... and ... and are often overuse injuries
.... can be expected in persons with SCI (T-6 or above)
- tips:
persons with SCI have poor ...
- tips:
HEALTH ISSUES SCI
-
-
-
-
Exercise and training SCI
- extensive skeletal muscle paralysis and sympathetic autonomic nervous system impairment reduce:
- most common mode of exercise testing:
- physical activity and fitness level:
Hypokinetic circulation=
Forced vital capacity=
*is reduced by 50% in persons with high tetraplegia
Exercise prescription SCI
- cardiorespiratory training:
- RT:
people with SCI should strive for:
people with SCI are prone to:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)=
characterized by:
early symptoms:
begins:
relapsing remitting type of MS: ...%, classified in:
chronic (primary) progressive MS: ...%
There are four aspects to the treatment of MS:
1.
2.
3
4.
Major classifications and characteristics of MS:
1. relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)=
2. secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)=
3. primary-progressive MS (PPMS)=
4. progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)=
Many persons with MS experience:
tips:
exercise testing:
caution:
RT:
aerobic conditioning:
epilepsy=
seizure=
status epilepticus=
what contributes to improved seizure control:
postictal state=
exercise guidelines MS
AEROBIC
- mode:
- intensiy:
- duration:
- frequency:
RT
- mode:
- muscle groups:
- intensity:
- sets:
- rest periods:
FLEXIBILITY
- mode:
- duration:
- frequency:
- muscle groups:
Classifications and signs and symptoms seizure disorders
PARTIAL SEIZURES - AFFECTED AREA ON ONE SIDE OF BRAIN
- simple:
- complex:
GENERALIZED SEIZURES - ON BOTH SIDES OF THE BRAIN
- absence (petit mal):
- myoclonic:
- tonic-clonic (grand mal):
- atonic:
Precipitants of seizures and exercise modifications
- avoid exercise:
- avoid situations during exercise:
- modify intensity to lower level:
- teach breathing technique and control:
FIRST AID FOR SEIZURES:
1. keep client:
2. remove:
3. loosen:
4. do not:
5. keep ... out of the clients path:
6. do not:
7. after seizure:
8. observe:
9. alert:
10. the client may be able to:
Cerebral Palsy (CP)=
caused by:
limitation in:
progressive/not progressive disease and brain damage does/does not worsen
secondary conditions such as spasticity do/dont worsen
symptoms:
secondary complications:
CP can be classified in the specific type of muscle abnormalities noted (the site of brain injury)
- a client with marked spasticity has had damage within in the motor cortex of the:
- athetosis suggests damage to the:
- ataxia suggests damage to the:
- dyskinesis suggests damage to the:
- in mixed forms damage to:
Defenitions of CP related terms
- apraxia=
- ataxia=
- athetosis=
- chorea=
- dyskinesis=
- dystonia=
- myoclonus=
- spasticity=
Exercise testing and training CP
- what kind of testing:
- preferred modalities submaximal testing:
- to asses aerobic endurance:
- tests of ... and ... can be also safely administered:
- what establishs a baseline for assessing changes in body composition:
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