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In winkelwagenPrevalence obesity
West Europe:
America:
island nations Western Pacific:
men and women US obese:
adult overweight or obese:
... times 6-11 years
... times 12-19 years
overweight adolescents have a ...% chance of becoming overweight or obese adults and this increases to ...% if one or more parent is overweight or obese
The most immediate consequence of overweight as perceived by children is:
10-25%
20-25%
more than 50%
men 32,2% women 35,5%
68% adults
2 times
3 times
70%, 80%
social discrimination
input text value
Overweight and obesity are the ... leading cause of death in US
overweight=
obese=
severe obese=
BMI=
limitations:
*obese; greater excess of weight (adipose tissue mass), larger positive energy balance, higher RMR (expending more energy on activities)
second
BMI 25-29,9
BMI 30 or more
BMI 35 or more
relative weight for height and significantlt correlates with total body fat content (weight / height2)
with individuals who are very muscular (overestimates body fat) and with persons of advanced age who have lost muscle mass (underestimates body fat)
input text value
factors obesity:
behavioral factors:
environmental factors:
Genetic and metabolic factors:
Two types of fat distribution:
1.
2.
increased risk for DM2, dyslipidemia, hypertension and CVD by BMI ... and waist ... males and ... females
sedentary lifestyle and calorie rich food,
food availability, socioeconomic status, lack of access to exercise facilities
eating patterns, overeating or binge eating and activity patterns
differences in RMR, levels of lipase and other enzymes, sympathetic nervous system activity and dietary-induces thermogenesis
1. android obesity: apple shaped, high amount of fat in trunk and abdominal areas
2. gynoid obesity: pear shaped, high amount of fat in hip and thigh areas
BMI 25-34,9, 40 inches (102 cm) men and 35 inches (88 cm) women
input text value
relative risk=
absolute risk=
the comparison of risk is being made relative to a normal weight
summation of risk factors
input text value
NHLBI recommendations:
- deficit of ...-... kcal/day for 1-2 pound (0,45-0,9 kg) weightloss per week
- women should not eat less then ... kcal/day and men not less then ... kcal/day
Low calorie diet (LCD) spears lean body tissue in comparison to VLCD which consists of less than ... kcal/day
a reasonable goal of weight loss program is -...% body weight in ... months
a reduction of ...-...% body weight is sufficient to achieve a reduction in health risk
-500-1000 kcal/day
- women 1000-1200 kcal/day men 1200-1600 kcal/day
*1200-1600 also for women who weigh 165 pounds (75 kg) or more or for women who exercise regularly
VLCD= less then 800 kcal/day
-10% in 6 months
3-5%
input text value
Low-calorie step I Diet (table)
- calories:
- total fat:
- satured fat:
- cholesterol:
- protein:
- carbohydrate:
- sodium:
- calcium:
- fiber:
- -500-1000 kcal/day
- 30% or less of total calories
- 8-10% of total calories
- less then 300 mg
- 15% of total calories
- 55% or more of total calories
- no more then 100 mmol (2,4 g sodium or 6 g of sodium chloride)
- 1000-1500 mg
- 20-30 g
input text value
Recommendation activity for overweight or obese clients or who are beginning an exercise program:
moderate level of physical activity:
- prevent weight gain for overweight/obese clients: ...-... min/week moderate and vigorous intensity
- enhance long term weight loss maintenance: ...-... min/week or ...-... min/day/5 days a week
- weight loss some clients: ...-... min/day
moderate level of physical activity 30 min o more, on most days of the week
the amount of activity that uses 150 kcal/day, with a total of 1000 kcal/week
- 150-250 min/week
- 250-300 min/week or 50-60 min/day/5 days a week
- 60-90 min/day
input text value
Exercise concerns of clients who are overweight or obese
- heat intolerance:
- movement restriction and limited mobility:
- weight bearing stress:
- posture problems and low back pain:
- hyperoneu and dyspnea:
- balance concerns
- due to insulation of excess fat its harder to thermoregulate
- due to excess fat mass
- on the joints
- due to stress of abdominal fat mass on the spine and often inadequate strength of the muscles of the abdominal wall
- hyperpnea= increased respiratory rate, dyspnea= labored or difficult breathing
input text value
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Oefenvragen makenSamenvatting, oefenvragen hoofdstuk 19 van het NSCA boek, minor PT aan de HvA.
28 oefenvragen
English
26-10-2021
HBO / Hogeschool van Amsterdam / Voeding en Diëtetiek / Minor Personal Trainer
Prevalence obesity
West Europe:
America:
island nations Western Pacific:
men and women US obese:
adult overweight or obese:
... times 6-11 years
... times 12-19 years
overweight adolescents have a ...% chance of becoming overweight or obese adults and this increases to ...% if one or more parent is overweight or obese
The most immediate consequence of overweight as perceived by children is:
Overweight and obesity are the ... leading cause of death in US
overweight=
obese=
severe obese=
BMI=
limitations:
*obese; greater excess of weight (adipose tissue mass), larger positive energy balance, higher RMR (expending more energy on activities)
factors obesity:
behavioral factors:
environmental factors:
Genetic and metabolic factors:
Two types of fat distribution:
1.
2.
increased risk for DM2, dyslipidemia, hypertension and CVD by BMI ... and waist ... males and ... females
relative risk=
absolute risk=
NHLBI recommendations:
- deficit of ...-... kcal/day for 1-2 pound (0,45-0,9 kg) weightloss per week
- women should not eat less then ... kcal/day and men not less then ... kcal/day
Low calorie diet (LCD) spears lean body tissue in comparison to VLCD which consists of less than ... kcal/day
a reasonable goal of weight loss program is -...% body weight in ... months
a reduction of ...-...% body weight is sufficient to achieve a reduction in health risk
Low-calorie step I Diet (table)
- calories:
- total fat:
- satured fat:
- cholesterol:
- protein:
- carbohydrate:
- sodium:
- calcium:
- fiber:
Recommendation activity for overweight or obese clients or who are beginning an exercise program:
moderate level of physical activity:
- prevent weight gain for overweight/obese clients: ...-... min/week moderate and vigorous intensity
- enhance long term weight loss maintenance: ...-... min/week or ...-... min/day/5 days a week
- weight loss some clients: ...-... min/day
Exercise concerns of clients who are overweight or obese
- heat intolerance:
- movement restriction and limited mobility:
- weight bearing stress:
- posture problems and low back pain:
- hyperoneu and dyspnea:
- balance concerns
Exercise prescription for clients who are obese
- aerobic conditioning:
- RT:
- flexibility training:
Eating disorders
adolescents: ...%
males: ...%
Anorexia nervosa:
Two types of anorexia
1.
2.
warning signs:
Bulimia nervosa:
diagnosis comes when:
warning signs:
Female athlete triad
1.
2.
3.
Program design for clients recovering from an eating disorder:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Hyperlipidemia=
Dyslipidemia=
LDL:
total cholesterol:
HDL:
triglycerides:
Effect acute exercise:
Exercise prescription for clients with hyperlipidemia
Aerobic conditioning:
Recommended intake
- satured fat:
- total fat:
- carbohydrate:
- fiber:
- protein:
- cholesterol:
- total calories:
Metabolic syndrome=
Persons having three or more of the following criteria were defined as having the metabolic syndrome:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Underlying cause of the syndrome:
People with the metabolic syndrome typically have:
People with the metabolic syndrome often have the ... shaped or ... body type
Abdominal fat vs triglycerides and LDL:
Triglycerides vs blood glucose/insulin vs BP:
Exercise is the first line treatment for the metabolic syndrome because it influences all components of this disorder
Diabetes mellitus
sings and symptoms:
diagnosis:
chronic uncontrolled diabetes is associated with long-term damages to various body organs including:
diabetes is the leading cause of:
Type 1 diabetes:
- TREATMENT:
- SYMPTOMS:
diabetic ketoacidosis=
Type 2 diabetes:
- TREATMENT
gestational diabetes mellitus=
- TREATMENT
Hypoglycemia=
sings and symptoms:
factors that predispose to hypoglycemia during exercise include:
*monitor blood sugar before and after exercise and every 30 minutes during prolonged exercise
exercise:
type 1 diabetes:
type 2 diabetes:
key for maintaining good glycemic control during activity:
exercise should generally be scheduled ... hours after a meal or when hypoglycemic medication is not at its peak activity. Carbohydrate stores should be replenished according to the duration and intensity of the activity
Exercise prescription for clients with diabetes
- aerobic conditioning:
- RT:
- flexibility training:
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