MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 5 REAL EXAM 2024 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED A+

MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 5 REAL EXAM 2024 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED A+

Chickenpox -Varicella-zoster virus dsDNA
latent in dorsal root ganglia
Maculopapules, pustules, and scabs
Reye's syndrome - Aspirin used for chickenpox--causes encephalopathy and liver damage
Shingles - dermatomal rash
60 and older
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 - dsDNA
direct contact
Primary infection: latency, etc.
Reactivation: VP16 always results in symptoms
HSV-1 - cold sores
no vaccine
erythematous
Herpetic whitlow, herpes gladiatorum, herpetic keratitis
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Antivirals
Topical for reactivation
HPV - dsDNA
Direct contact--host and tissue specificity
Freeze, burn, surgical removal
HPV-16 and HPV-18 linked to cervical cancers
Smallpox -Variola virus--dumbell shape, DNA virus, variola major and variola minor
Direct or indirect contact
Replicates in lymph nodes and lymphoid organs
S. aureus - coagulase positive, promotes abscess formation
Folliculitis - s. aureus superficial infection of hair follicles
Boils (furuncle) - S. aureus abscess of hair follicle
Carbuncles - several combined boils
Impetigo - S. aureus
Sometimes caused by group A beta hemolytic strep
Young children
Nonbullous impetigo - honey crusted legions
Bullous impetigo - Fluid filled blister
MRSA - alters penicillin binding protein
Nosocomial infection
Community acquired
Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these
microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? - Enzymes that
lyse blood cells (streptolysins)
A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages
A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal
epithelial cells
Which of the following are all characteristics of mucous membranes? - Composed of
epithelial cells
Serve as a barrier to protect the surfaces they cover
Line the inside of the body
Exanthems - widespread skin rash with systemic symptoms (fever, malaise, headache)
Enanthems - rashes on mucous membranes. Usually caused by an infectious agent
Macular rash - flat and red
Papular rash - small, solid, elevated
Pustular rash -papule filled with pus
Maculopapular rash - papule that is reddened
Vesicular rash - small blisters are formed
Measles (Rubeola) - ssRNA
Transmitted by drop, direct contact, fomites
Fever 104 and above
Starts with Koplik's spots
Rash due to Tc cells damaging vessels due to viremia
German Measles (Rubella) - ssRNA, 3 day measles
Aerosol
Viremia
Pinpoint maculopapular rash (head to extremities)
MMR vaccine
Streptococcal virulence factors - Capsule
Pilus-like M protein
Cell wall adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells
STreptolysins, DNase, streptokinase, hyaluronidase
Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (SPEs) (superantigens)
S. pyogenes - Group A beta hemolytic strep
Nasopharynx and skin
Necrotizing fasciitis - S. pyogenes
Surgical removal of affected areas and IV antibiotics
Can also be C. perfringes and V. vulnificus
Type 1 Necrotizing fasciitis - Polymicrobial