NURSING 103 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTION AND ANSWERS

NURSING 103 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTION AND ANSWERS

An older patient is being taught about oral gingivitis. The nurse has
included instruction about maintaining an oral hygiene program, signs and
symptoms of oral infection, and the importance of maintaining regular
professional dental care. What other important teaching topic should be
included?
D. The importance of adequate nutrition for maintaining oral health
Nursing management of an older patient with gingivitis or periodontitis
includes promotion of regular oral hygiene, regular preventive dental
care, and maintenance of nutritional status. In addition, instructing the
patient on the signs and symptoms of oral infections is also an important
component of patient education. The other topics are not warranted.
The nurse is planning to teach an older patient about diverticulitis. What
topic does the nurse include?
A. Dietary fiber and fluids will reduce the symptoms.
Teaching should include the need to eat high-fiber foods and the
importance of achieving and maintaining adequate fluid status. Patients
should be encouraged to consume up to 2,000 mL of fluids each day,
unless contraindicated by cardiac status. Older people have diverticulitis
commonly. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea are expected findings.
Diverticulitis usually reoccurs.
An older adult reports chronic constipation. When asked why this problem
has gotten worse with age, what response by the nurse is best?
A. "As we age, our bodies require more fiber to bring about healthy
bowel function."
An 80-year-old patient has nausea and vomiting related to a
gastrointestinal disorder. Which of the following nursing interventions is
most appropriate?
A. Offer sips of clear soda every 15 minutes until more is tolerated.
Nursing interventions for nausea and vomiting include many self-help
measures, including drinking clear liquids, progressing from eating bland
foods to solid foods, and small frequent feedings. If vomiting occurs, fluid
replacement should be a priority. Sips of fluids every 15 minutes until
more can be tolerated may decrease episodes of dehydration. The
position of the patient is unimportant. The patient should avoid nonclear
liquids such as milkshakes. If the patient cannot keep even sips down, he
or she may be prescribed NPO status.
When preparing to discharge an older patient with mild dysphagia, the
nurse suggests that the patient can minimize symptoms by doing which of
the following?
A. Eating small meals every 2 to 3 hours
Instruction regarding eating habits and maintaining weight and nutrition is
important. For example, small, frequent meals, pureed or soft foods, and
high-protein, high-calorie foods are helpful. Thin liquids are often harder
to swallow than thickened ones. Nutrient-dense foods are important, but
so is maintaining calorie requirements.
The most widespread cause of constipation in older adults is diet. Diets
need to be high in fiber and include plenty of water unless contraindicated
by another condition. Some changes in nerve function and gastric motility
are also possible causes, but the major cause is diet. Laxatives should
only be used as a last resort.
An older adult patient reports episodes of fecal incontinence. What
response by the nurse provides appropriate emotional support?
- D. "The problem generally responds well to bowel control programs."
It is important to reassure older patients that control and retraining are
achievable because many older adults are distressed about its
occurrence. The nurse should first focus on reassuring the patient and
providing education on bowel retraining. Disposable garments may be
used temporarily or long term if the patient cannot complete bowel
retraining. It is not a normal response to aging.
An older adult had gastric resection surgery and now is experiencing
dizziness, nausea, and diaphoresis after meals. What instruction by the
nurse caring is best?
D. Drink fluids only between meals.
This patient has dumping syndrome. The institution of small, frequent
meals that are low in carbohydrates will diminish the incidence of these
symptoms. Resting after eating and drinking fluids between (rather than
during) meals will also help alleviate these symptoms. Smoking and
caffeine are not related, and eating only three meals a day is not
warranted.
A 68-year-old patient is reporting a gnawing epigastric pain. What
question by the nurse would elicit the most useful information?
B. "Do you have a family history of peptic ulcers?"
Both genetic and environmental factors have been proposed as the cause
of peptic ulcers because both gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers tend to
occur in families. At present, no direct evidence exists that indicates
dietary or occupational factors as causes of ulcer disease.
Acetaminophen and smoking generally do not cause peptic ulcers.