BIOD 121 MODULE 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

BIOD 121 MODULE 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Rickets: - result of low vitamin D2 in children and results in soft bones and bowed
legs
Osteomalcia - inadequate calcium absorption and deposition in the bones leads
Osteoporosis - occurs as bone mass decreases and bones thin and become
porous
Experts recommend that adults take ____________ IUs of vitamin D daily. - 1000
Vitamin E: - main function is as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from
free radicals.
Tocopherol is the chemical name for - vitamin E
Free radicals - can alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes, and increase the
risk for cancer (for this reason vitamin E is the most widely used supplement)
Forms of Vitamin E - Alpha and Gamma
Functions of vitamin E - antioxidant, anti-aging, immune function, heat health
Deficiencies of vitamin E: - rarely occur, but may result in Hemolysis (break down
of red blood cells)
Sources of vitamin E - most biologically active, plants
Vitamins - organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost
exclusively obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - help regulate and support a variety of processes related
to digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - vitamines
Vitamins are important for: - growth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - 13 known
Essential Vitamins: - found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority
cannot be synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: -Vitamin K
and biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is
synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: -Vitamin A can be produced
after we consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced
when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: - 1)
enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in
declining health, but is restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - During manufacturing of food, some
nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or
processing of the food and adding them back to the final product
Fortification - process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that
would not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or
adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed
they are stored in adipose tissue and liver