AQA AS PHYSICS 7407/1 Paper 1 Mark scheme Latest Updated 2024
radioactive contamination - the unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive materials
how much of our background radiation is from the air(radon) - 50%
how much of our background radiation is medical - 14%
how much of our background radiation is from the ground - 14%
how much of our background radiation is from food and drink - 11.5%
how much of our background radiation is cosmic - 10%
how much of our background radiation is from air travel - 0.2%
how much of our background radiation is from nuclear reactors - 0.1%
ways to reduce nuclear radiation exposure - - keeping as far away from the source of radiation as possible
- spending as little time as possible in at-risk areas
- shielding oneself behind a thick concrete or lead wall
how nuclear fission occurs - two or three neutrons are released into an environment when an atom is split. Some of these neutrons will be absorbed by another nucleus, causing this to occur. It
Energy is transferred between stores - Thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
Energy is transferred... - Mechanically (by a force doing work), electrically (work done by moving charges), by heating or by radiation (like light or sound)
When a system changes, energy is transferred - It can be transferred into or away from the system, between objects in the system or between different types of energy stores. Closed systems are where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave. The net change in the total energy of a closed system is always 0
kinetic energy - energy of motion - the greater an object's mass and the faster it is going, the more energy there will be in its kinetic energy store. Ek (j) = 1/2m(kg)v(m/s) squared
Raised objects store energy in gravitational potential energy stores - lifting an object in a gravitational field requires work, causing an energy transfer to the the GPE store of the object. Ep(j) =
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