FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING EXAM WITH BEST SOLUTIONS

FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING EXAM WITH BEST SOLUTIONS

Aims of Nursing - 1. To promote health
2. To prevent illness
3. To restore health
4. To facilitate coping with disability or death
To promote health - State of optimal functioning or wellbeing. not just absence of disease
To prevent illness - reduce risk for illness. promote good health habits, maintain optimal
functioning
To restore health - Nurse's responsibility to assess & teach levels of prevention
To facilitate coping w/ disability or death - Nurse's role to provide "comfort" care
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - -well defined body specific and
unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale - defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing
from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton - established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union
soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge - -traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - you can see the object
subjective - coming from that subject
types of knowledge - -science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and
explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
goals of nursing research - -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning - examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas
inductive reasoning - one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general
ideas
origination of the word "nurse" - from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses - communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher,
advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death - nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and
potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and patients during
end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process - -one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts - -define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for
RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs - respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain