ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDYGUIDE

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDYGUIDE

Endogenous antigens - ..., infected host cells display pathogen proteins externally and
are recognized as foreign; infected cell with virus and the viral antigens surround it
Herpes virus - ...,, 1) HSV-1 - oral herpes, STD and contact, no vaccine, lifetime
infection, treat the symptoms, sore
Maternal antibody - ..., Natural, passive immunity, IgG, maternal IgG crosses placent,
Antibody in a newborn animal which the newborn acquired through the placenta or
colostrum (the first milk).
Hypersensitivity reactions - ..., Different types; unexpected outcome after the
administration of a medication; usually immune (IgE) mediated if previously exposed
(Type I Hypersensitivity reaction); ranges from rash/hives to anaphylaxis (life
threatening)- Cell mediated
Development of allergies Alloimmunity - ..., Mast cell degranulates releasing histamine
into tissue - histamine binds to receptors on endothelial cells - results in allergic
symptoms.
Autoimmunity - ..., Antigens trigger the formation of abnormal IgG in tissue and
plasma, activates complement, An immune response directed against one's own self
antigens.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - ..., An autoimmune disease where the body's immune
system damages its own tissues and cells. Characteristics are a bad rash or skin
lesions. 40-50% of lupus patients develop renal disease, others develop hemolysis
and anemia. Cause unknown.
Graves Disease - ..., Autoantibody (IgG) that stimulates TSH receptor (type II
hypersensitivity), An autoimmune disease, in which antibodies against the TSH
(thyroid-stimulating hormone) receptor in thyroid epithelial cell membranes bind to it
permanently and mimic the effects of TSH binding. This results in continual release of
thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, causing the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
B-lymphocytes - ..., Responsible for humoral immunity. B-Cells are exposed to an
antigen. When they encounter an antigen they imprint the antigen. Every bacteria has
an antigenic site or antigenic marker. Immune system will respond to marker.
Types of immunity - ..., Natural active immunity,Natural passive immunity,Artificial
active immunity,Artificial passive immunity
Immunotope - ...
Epitope - ..., An area of the antigen molecle that stimulates the production of, and
combines with, specific antibodies; also know as the antigenic determinant site
Paratope - ..., what is the name of the part of the antibody that interacts with the
antigen?
IgA - ..., (1) 10-15% of total Ig in serum (2) predominant in secretions like breast milk,
saliva, tears, mucous (3) primarily exists as monomer; secretory IgA is dimer or
tetramer
IgE - ..., 1% of serum antibody, half life 2.5 days, helminth infections, binds to mast
cells via FcεR (mediates allergic reaction, triggers mast cell degranulation)
IgG - ..., 2nd to respond, formed in lg quantities & work in the blood & tissues. They
bind to destructive pathogens so that the immune cells (for example, macrophage)
have an easier time ingesting them. The immunoglobulin class that is the only one
capable of crossing the placenta i
IgM - ..., 31. The most potent activator of classical complement., first to appear on the
surface of B cells
Morbidity & mortality - ..., illness & deaths, Morbidity = presence of disease
Mortality= deaths
Bacteria & Fungi - ..., Bacteria are larger, easily grown in the lab, and can be seen
with regular microscopes. Generally they can be treated successfully with antibiotics
however, many bacteria are now becoming resistant to antibiotics., Fungi- kingdom of
complex organisms that obtain food by breaking down other substances in their
surroundings and absorbing the nutrients.
Fungal infection mechanism - ...
Cytokine - ...
HIV seronegativity - ...
Infectivity - ..., Capacity of an agent to enter and multiply in a susceptible host and
thus produce infection or disease.
Pathogenicity - ..., A broad concept that describes an organism's potential to cause
infection or disease, and is used to divide pathogenic microbes into one of two
groups.
Virulence - ..., measure of pathogenicity. Depends on the strength to adhere to health
cells, damage cells or interfere with body's normal regulating systems and/or white
blood cells.
Toxigenicity - ..., Ability to produce disease by production of a soluble toxin, such as
hemolysin, leukocidin, other exotoxins, and endotoxins.
Rickettsial infection - ..Rickettsiae and rickettsia-like bacteria are an unusual type of
bacteria that cause several diseases, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and
epidemic typhus. These bacteria differ from most other bacteria in that they can live
and multiply only inside the cells of another organism (host) and cannot survive on
their own in the environment. Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Coxiella burnetii bacteria are
similar to rickettsiae and cause similar diseases..