HEMATOLOGY LECTURE NOTES UPDATE FINAL

EXAM
HEMATOLOGY LECTURE NOTES UPDATE FINAL
Function of Blood - correct--Transports oxygen from the lungs.
-Brings nutrients from GI tract to the cells
-Protects the body from dangerous micro-organisms
-Promotes hemostasis/Blood clotting
-Regulates body temp
Blood Forming Organs - correct-Bone marrow
Thymus
Spleen
Liver
Lymph nodes
Hematopoiesis - correct-Process of blood cell production. Takes place primarily in the
bone marrow (flat bones and end of long bones in adults)
Blood Components - correct-Plasma
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Plasma - correct-55% of blood
Composed mostly of water
Contains proteins, electrolytes, gases, nutrients
Plasma Proteins - correct-Albumin
Globulins (3 types)
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
Blood Cells - correct-45% of blood
Formed from stem cells (undifferentiated)
Three types:
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Thrombocytes (platelets)
Erythrocytes - correct-Transport of gases
Assist in maintaining acid base balance
Leukocytes - correct-Protection from infection, cancer
Platelets - correct-Promote blood coagulation in response to injury
Erythrocyte structure and function - correct-Thin cell wall to facilitate diffusion of gases
Flexible cell wall, able to alter shape to pass through small capillaries
Primarily composed of hemoglobin
Live approx 120 days
Growth factor Erythropoietin involved in development
Hemoglobin - correct-Produced by erythrocytes
Each normal RBC contains hundreds of thousands of Hgb molecules
Each molecule of Hgb needs one molecule of iron to transport up to four molecules of
oxygen.
Leukocytes structure and function - correct-Appear white when separated from blood
Two categories: Granulocytes, Agranulocytes
5 types of WBC, various functions
Platelets structure and function - correct-Smallest of blood cells
Perform most of their functions through aggregation
Develop in the bone marrow
Growth factor thrombopoietin involved in development
Hemostasis: The process of blood clotting - correct-Vascular spasm
Plug formation
Development of fibrin clot
Lysis of clot
Coagulation Modifiers (pharma) - correct-Heparins
Coumadin
Direct Thrombin inhibitors
Selective factor Xa inhibitor
Aggregation inhibitors
Hematologic Assessment - Testing - correct-Complete Blood Count
Reticulocyte Count
Peripheral Blood Smear
Coomb's Test
Coagulation Screening Tests
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
Complete Blood Count (CBC) - correctReticulocyte Count - correct-Used to determine the responsiveness of the bone marrow
to the depletion of circulating RBCs.
Peripheral Blood Smear - correct-Looking at the blood under a microscope to determine
the abnormalities or variations of RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets.
Coomb's Test - correct-Used for blood typing and crossmatching. Identifies antibodies
on RBCs.
Coagulation Screening Tests - correct-Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT): used to
identify deficiencies of coagulation factors, prothrombin and fibrinogen.
Prothrombin Time (Pro-Time or PT): measures the activity and interactions of
prothrombin, fibrinogen, factors V, VII, and X.
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy - correct-Performed to evaluate the pt's
hematological status when other tests show persistent abnormal findings, that indicate
problems with blood cell production or maturation.
Erythrocyte Disorders - correct-Erythrocytes are the major cell in the blood
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
RBC disorders include problems in production, function, and destruction.
Anemia - correct-Decreased production of RBCs, Hgb, or hematocrit (HCT)
Polycythemia - correct-Excess production of RBCs
Anemia symptoms - correct-Integumentary: Pallor, jaundice, pruritis
Cardiopulmonary: increased HR, tachypnea, orthopnea, dyspnea at rest, orthostatic
hypotension, decreased oxygen saturation.
GI: anorexia, sore mouth, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
General: sensitivity to cold, lethargy
Nutritional Deficit Anemias - correct-Iron Deficient Anemia
Vitamin B12 Anemia
Folic Acid deficient anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia - correct-A c microcytic anemia due to inadequate absorption of
iron.
Most common anemia worldwide
Often affects the very young, menstuating women, vegetarians, and people with very
poor diets