Professional Nursing Practice

In the process of planning a client's care, the nurse has identified a nursing
diagnosis of Ineffective Health Maintenance related to alcohol use. What must
precede the determination of this nursing diagnosis?
A. Establishing of a plan to address the underlying problem
B. Assigning a positive value to each consequence of the diagnosis
C. Collecting and analyzing data that corroborate the diagnosis
D. Evaluating the client's chances of recover

The provider has recommended an amniocentesis for an 18-year-old
primiparous client. The client is at 34 weeks' gestation and does not want this
procedure, but the health care provider arranges for the amniocentesis to be
performed. The nurse should recognize that the provider is in violation of which
ethical principle?
A. Veracity
B. Beneficence
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Autonomy

During a discussion with the client and the client's spouse, the nurse discovers
that the client has a living will. How does the presence of a living will influence the
client's care?
A. The client is legally unable to refuse basic life support.
B. The health care provider can override the client's desires for treatment if desires
are not evidence based.
C. The client may nullify the living will during the hospitalization.
D. Power of attorney may change while the client is hospitalized.

The nurse is providing care for a client who has a diagnosis of pneumonia due
to Streptococcus pneumonia infection. What aspect of nursing care would
constitute part of the planning phase of the nursing process?
A. Achieve SaO2 92% at all times.
B. Auscultate chest q4h.
C. Administer oral fluids q1h and PRN.
D. Avoid overexertion at all times.

A recent nursing graduate is aware of the differences between nursing actions
that are independent and nursing actions that are interdependent. A nurse
performs an interdependent nursing intervention when performing which of the
following actions?
A. Auscultating a client's apical heart rate during an admission assessment
B. Providing mouth care to a client who is unconscious following a cerebrovascular
accident
C. Administering an IV bolus of normal saline to a client with hypotension
D. Providing discharge teaching to a postsurgical client about the rationale for a
course of oral antibiotics

A hospital audit reveals that four clients in the hospital have current orders for
restraints. The nurse knows that restraints are an intervention of last resort, and
that it is inappropriate to apply restraints to which of the following clients?
A. A postlaryngectomy client who is attempting to pull out the tracheostomy tube
B. A client in hypovolemic shock trying to remove the dressing over a central
venous catheter
C. A client with urosepsis who is ringing the call bell incessantly to use the bedside
commode
D. A client with depression who has just tried to commit suicide and whose
medications are not achieving adequate symptom control

A client agreed to be a part of a research study involving migraine headache
management. The client asks the nurse if a placebo was given for pain
management or if the new drug that is undergoing clinical trials was given. After
discussing the client's distress, it becomes evident to the nurse that the client did
not fully understand the informed consent document that was signed at the start of
the research study. What is the best response by the nurse?
A. "The research study is in place and there is no way to know now."
B. "I have no idea what is being given for your migraine."
C. "What difference does it make? How is your headache?"
D. "You signed the informed consent documents prior to the treatment."

A care conference has been organized for a client with complex medical and
psychosocial needs. When applying the principles of critical thinking to this client's
care planning, the nurse should most exemplify what characteristic?
A. Willingness to observe behaviors
B. A desire to utilize the nursing scope of practice fully
C. An ability to base decisions on what has happened in the past
D. Openness to various viewpoints

The nurse cites a list of skills that support critical thinking in clinical situations.
The nurse should describe skills in which of the following domains? Select all that
apply.
A. Self-esteem
B. Self-regulation
C. Inference
D. Autonomy
E. Interpretation

The nurse is providing care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The nurse's most recent assessment reveals an SaO2 of 89%. The
nurse is aware that part of critical thinking is determining the significance of data
that have been gathered. What characteristic of critical thinking is used in
determining the best response to this assessment finding?
A. Extrapolation
B. Inference
C. Characterization
D. Interpretation

A nurse is admitting a new client to the medical unit. During the initial nursing
assessment, the nurse has asked many supplementary open-ended questions while
gathering information about the new client. What is the nurse achieving through
this approach?
A. Interpreting what the client has said
B. Evaluating what the client has said
C. Assessing what the client has said
D. Validating what the client has said

A nurse provides care on an orthopedic reconstruction unit and is admitting two
new clients, both status post knee replacement. What would be the best
explanation why their care plans may be different from each other?
A. Clients may have different qualifications for government subsidies.
B. Individual clients are seen as unique and dynamic, with individual needs.
C. Nursing care may be coordinated by members of two different health disciplines.
D. Clients are viewed as dissimilar according to their attitude toward surgery.