Topics for the microbiology exam

Subject and tasks of microbiology. Major stages in its development.Taxonomy of bacteria.Classification and nomenclature of viruses.Morphology of bacteria - shape, size, essential and non-essential cell organelles, main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Research methods of bacterial morphology.Structure of bacteria - fringed and axial filaments, pili (fimbriae).Structure of bacteria - capsule, glycocalyx.Structure of bacteria - cell wall in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria with defective cell walls.Structure of bacteria - cytoplasmic membrane.Structure of bacteria – cytoplasm and cytoplasmic structures.Structure of bacteria - bacterial nucleus (nucleoid).Structure of bacteria - spores.Morphology and structure of fungi.Bacteriophages.Physiology of microorganisms - chemical composition, cultivation of bacteria.Physiology of microorganisms - nutrition of bacteria, entry of nutrients into the cell. Growth Factors.Physiology of microorganisms - metabolism of bacteria. Catabolic and Anabolic Processes in Bacteria.Physiology of microorganisms – growth factors. Bacterial Enzymes.Physiology of microorganisms - growth and reproduction of bacteria. Productivity of Microorganisms.Effect of chemical factors on microorganisms. Disinfection.Influence and mechanism of action of different physical factors on microorganisms. Sterilization.