APEA 3P Exam Prep Cardiovascular Questions and Correct Answers 2024

APEA 3P Exam Prep Cardiovascular(This is a study set for
the APEA 3P exam that is required to
be taken in the third "P" course of Post
University's MSN-FNP degree
program).
Which patient could be expected to have the highest systolic blood pressure?
A 21-year-old male
A 50-year-old perimenopausal female
A 35-year-old patient with Type 2 diabetes
A 75-year-old male - Answer D.
Nearly 25% of the US population has hypertension. The greatest incidence is in
older adults because of changes in the intima of vessels as aging and calcium
deposition occur. Males of any age are more likely to be hypertensive than females
of the same age. African American adults have the highest incidence in the general
population. Among adolescents, African Americans and Hispanics have the highest
rates. Hypertension occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies.
Mrs. Brandy is having contrast dye next week for a heart catheterization. What drug
does NOT need to be stopped prior to her catheterization?
Naproxen
Furosemide
Metformin
Losartan - Answer D.
Naproxen and furosemide should be stopped for 24 hours prior to the
catheterization. Metformin should be stopped 48 hours prior to the catheterization.
Furosemide is stopped because it contributes to volume depletion. NSAIDs like
naproxen are withheld because of the impact on renal prostaglandin production.
Metformin has been implicated in lactic acidosis when combined with contrast dye in
an impaired kidney.
In older adults, the three most common ailments are:
hearing loss, vision loss, hypertension.
hearing loss, hypertension, arthritis.
depression, vision loss, hypertension.
arthritis, hearing loss, depression. - Answer B.
Hypertension and arthritis are the two most common ailments in older adults.
Hearing loss occurs in half to almost 2/3 of older adults. The most common form is
known as presbycusis. There is no consensus for the frequency of screening for
hearing loss in older patients, but minimally, it should be grossly evaluated at each
visit and screened more thoroughly if deficits are observed. Blood pressure should
be screened annually, but it is usually screened at each visit. Arthritis is not routinely
screened.
Mr. Holbrook, a 75-year-old male, is a former smoker with a 30-pack-year history. He
has come in today for an annual exam. He walks daily for 25 minutes, has had
APEA 3P Exam PrepCardiovascular(This is a study set for
the APEA 3P exam that is required to
be taken in the third "P" course of Post
University's MSN-FNP degree
program).
intentional weight loss, and has a near-normal BMI. On examination, the patient is
noted to have an absence of hair growth on his lower legs. Which statement is true
regarding this patient?
This is a normal consequence of aging.
This might indicate disease in the lower extremities.
It might be from exercise initiation.
This is secondary to long-term smoking. - Answer B.
An absence of hair growth likely indicates peripheral artery disease in this patient. It
is part of normal changes of aging that hair growth will diminish, but not become
absent. His lower extremity pulses should be assessed, his cardiac risk factors
should be assessed (he smoked for years), and he should be questioned about leg
pain when he walks. An ankle-brachial index could be measured. If < 0.9, further
assessment should be done. A normal ankle-brachial index should be greater than
0.9. Less than 0.4 is considered cri