APEA 3P Exam Prep- Cardiovascular Questions
with Correct Answers and Explanations
Which patient could be expected to have the highest systolic blood pressure?
A 21-year-old male
A 50-year-old perimenopausal female
A 35-year-old patient with Type 2 diabetes
A 75-year-old male
D.
Nearly 25% of the US population has hypertension. The greatest incidence is in older adults because of
changes in the intima of vessels as aging and calcium deposition occur. Males of any age are more likely to
be hypertensive than females of the same age. African American adults have the highest incidence in the
general population. Among adolescents, African Americans and Hispanics have the highest rates.
Hypertension occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies.
Mrs. Brandy is having contrast dye next week for a heart catheterization. What drug does NOT need to be
stopped prior to her catheterization?
Naproxen
Furosemide
Metformin
Losartan
D.
Naproxen and furosemide should be stopped for 24 hours prior to the catheterization. Metformin should be
stopped 48 hours prior to the catheterization. Furosemide is stopped because it contributes to volume
depletion. NSAIDs like naproxen are withheld because of the impact on renal prostaglandin production.
Metformin has been implicated in lactic acidosis when combined with contrast dye in an impaired kidney.
In older adults, the three most common ailments are:
hearing loss, vision loss, hypertension.
hearing loss, hypertension, arthritis.
depression, vision loss, hypertension.
arthritis, hearing loss, depression.
B.
Hypertension and arthritis are the two most common ailments in older adults. Hearing loss occurs in half to
almost 2/3 of older adults. The most common form is known as presbycusis. There is no consensus for the
frequency of screening for hearing loss in older patients, but minimally, it should be grossly evaluated at
each visit and screened more thoroughly if deficits are observed. Blood pressure should be screened
annually, but it is usually screened at each visit. Arthritis is not routinely screened.
Mr. Holbrook, a 75-year-old male, is a former smoker with a 30-pack-year history. He has come in today for
an annual exam. He walks daily for 25 minutes, has had intentional weight loss, and has a near-normal BMI.
On examination, the patient is noted to have an absence of ha
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