Characterize the roles of each of the parts of the urinary system.(Kidneys,
nephrons, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra)
Kidneys: Excretes unwanted substances, such as cellular metabolic waste,excess salts,
toxins, and urea, water balance, pH balance, blood pressureregulation, and regulation of
RBC production.
Nephrons: A nephron is to the urinary system as the neuron is to thenervous system.
There are about 1 Million in each kidney.
Ureters: The ureters are 2 long and slender muscular tubes that uses peristalsis and
gravity to move urine along. They extend from the kidneys.
Urinary Bladder: The urinary bladder is a temporary reservoir for urine, and it has many
layers. It is lined with mucous membrane, and it has transitional epithelium. The bladder
has rugae when it is empty.
Urethra: The urethra is the tube that extends from the bladder, and it leadsto the outside
of the body.
1. Trace the flow of blood through the kidney and describe how blood isfiltered in
the kidney nephron.
Renal artery through arcuate arteries through cortical radiate arteries through Afferent
arteriole through Glomerulus through Efferent arteriole through Peritubular capillaries and
vasa recta through Arcuate vein throughRenal vein through Inferior vena cava.
2. Provide symptoms of kidney failure and describe the normal versusabnormal
urine compositio
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