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AQA A-Level Psychology SocialInfluence Essay Plans Latest Version 2023/2024

C onfor m ity ~ a change i n a pers on’ s behaviour or opi nions as a res ult of real or i magi ne pres sure from other
people.
- Asch (1951) 123 male Ameri can s tudents , tes ted i n a gr oup between 6 and 8 confederates . Parti ci pants
i dentifi ed the length of a s tandard line, on the firs t few trials confederates gave correct answers but then all
s elected the s ame wrong answers . Each parti ci pant competed 18 tri als w ith 12 ‘ critical tri als ’ w ith the
confederates gi ving the wrong answer.
- Naïve parti ci pants gave the wr ong answer 36.8% of the ti me. ftowever, there were i ndi vidual differences and
25% of participa nts nev er gave a wrong answ er. Conform ed to av oid r ejection and continued to privately tr ust
their own opinions.
- Asch (1955) conducted the same experience but with variables. Group size (between 1 and 15) ~ with 2
confederates 13.6% conformi ty, 3 31.8% and adding more made little differenc e), unanimity (presence of a
dissenting confederate)
reduc ed c onfor mity whether they were giving the c orrect ans wers or not, task difficulty (lines more similar in l ength) ~
conformity incr eas ed when the task was mor e difficult.
Artifi cial tas k Asch’ s s tudy was an artifi cial s ituati on and tas k, it i s a tri vial tas k w ith no meaning s o i s not
generalis a ble to ev eryday situations. Also, the participa nt s were aware that they were taking part
in a study and s o the res ults may be subj ect to demand charact erist ic s and this lowers the
external validity.
Control group Asch us ed a control group to tes t that the parti ci pants were actually conform ing and not
jus t gi ving answers that they actually believ ed to be tr ue. In the c ontr ol gr oup only 3 out of
720 wer e mistak es, this increases the v alidity of the research.
Cultural differ enc es in
conformity
Ther e are cultural differ enc es in conform ity. Smith & Bond (1998) s uggest that the
conform it y in C hina would be higher than i n the U SA. T his i s becaus e U SA i s an i ndi viduali s t
culture and people are more i ndependent however collecti vis t countries such as China have
higher conformity rates bec aus e they rely on others more. T his i s a li mi tation of the research
as it i gnores cultural differences.
Als o, Asch’ s s tudy only had male parti ci pants , Neto (1995) s ugges ts that women may be more
conformist than men, because they are more conscious about fitting in and taking other
people’s advice.
Support ing Researc h Crutchfi eld (1 95 5) di d a s im ilar s tudy i n cubi cles

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Specificaties

Niveau: University
School: Chamberlain College Of Nursing
Opleiding: NURSING
Vaknaam: psychology
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Rubriek: Samenvattingen
Gemaakt op: 02-08-2024
Type: .pdf
Pagina's: 14
Taal: English
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C onfor m ity ~ a change i n a pers on’ s behaviour or opi nions as a res ult of real or i magi ne pres sure from other people. - Asch (1951) 123 male Ameri can s tudents tes ted i n a gr oup between 6 and 8 confederates . Parti ci pants i dentifi ed

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