PSYC 435 UNIT 10 TO UNIT 13 COMPLETE LATEST VERSION 2024

CHAPTER 10
personality disorder, p. 342 chronic interpersonal difficulties, problems with one’s identity or sense of
self, and an inability to function adequately in society - enduring pattern of behavior must be pervasive
and inflexible, as well as stable and of long duration - cause either clinically significant distress or
impairment in functioning and be manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition, affectivity,
interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
• Five-factor model of personality: neuroticism (emotional instability), extraversion/introversion,
openness to experience (unconventionality), agreeableness/antagonism, and
conscientiousness
Cluster A: Includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. People with these
disorders often seem odd or eccentric, unusual behavior ranging from distrust and suspiciousnessto
social detachment.
Cluster B: Includes histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. Individuals
with these disorders share a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic.
Cluster C: Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive- compulsive personality disorders. In contrast
to the other two clusters, people with these disorders often show anxiety and fearfulness.
epidemiological study, p. 344 assessed the prevalence of the personality disorders - Epidemiological
studies are designed to establish the prevalence (number of cases) of a particular disorder in a very large
sample (usually many thousands) of people living in the community
10 and 12 percent of people meet criteria for at least one personality disorder when the time period
being asked about is the person’s behavior over the last 2 to 5 years
paranoid personality disorder, p. 348 are suspicious and distrustful of others, often reading hidden
meanings into ordinary remarks -see themselves as blameless, instead blaming others for their own
mistakes and failures—even to the point of ascribing evil motives to others.
schizoid personality disorder, p. 349 difficulty forming social relationships and usually lack interest in
doing so - tend not to have good friends, with exception of a close relative - unable to express their
feelings/seen by others as cold and distant - They often lack socialskills and can be classified as loners or
introverts, with solitary interests and occupations not all loners/introverts have schizoid personality
Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family - Almost always chooses
solitary activities - Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person - Takes
pleasure in few, if any, activities - Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
schizotypal personality disorder, p. 3