INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS (PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR NURSES) 7TH EDITION BY ELIZABETH C. ARNOLD; KATHLEEN UNDERMAN BOGGS

Chapter 1: Theory Based Perspectives and Contemporary Dynamics
Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all of the
following characteristics of nursing except
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind.
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care of
the sick.
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no formal
education.
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
ANS: A
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious orders
dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no formal
education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854 Crimean war.
There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to the functional roles of
professional nursing and the need for formal education.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for high-quality
care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in preventing infection, was
a. Abraham Maslow.
b. Martha Rogers.
c. Hildegard Peplau.
d. Florence Nightingale.
ANS: D
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
document the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the profession’s first
nurse researcher.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 1
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
a. undergraduate level.
b. graduate level.
c. advanced practice level.
d. administrative level.
ANS: A
Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a growing number
of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice roles and/or research
opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced practice nurse practitioners,
administrators, and educators.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 2
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key concepts that form
the foundation for all nursing theories are
a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy.
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
ANS: C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing, but
central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in all theories and
models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2
TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: B
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants that
influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is defined as the recipient of
nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual dimensions. The word health derives
from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional concept, having physical, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics. The World Health Organization
(WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention
of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people