Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition

Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Aging, Health, and Wellness in a Global Community
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When asked by new parents what the life expectancy is for their African American newborn,
the nurse replies that, “2015 statistics indicate that your son:
a. will have a life expectancy of approximately 65 years.”
b. can realistically expect to live into his late 80s.”
c. has a good chance of celebrating his 75th birthday.”
d. is likely to live into his late 90s.”
ANS: C
The overall life expectancy at birth in the United States in 2015 was 78.8. The disparity
between life expectancies for black and white Americans has narrowed significantly
between 1999 and 2015, with the death rate for blacks (African Americans) dropping by
25% (Office of Minority Health, 2017). Of the options above, C is the only response that fits
into those parameters. The other options are not supported by reliable research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. A nurse is planning care for a group of super-centenarians in an assisted living facility. The
nurse considers which of the following?
a. Most super-centenarians are functionally independent or require minimal
assistance with activitiesNofUdRaSilyIlNivGinTgB.
b. The majority of super-centenarians have cognitive impairment.
c. The number of super-centenarians is expected to decrease in coming years as a
result of heart disease and stroke.
d. It is theorized that super-centenarians survived as long as they have due to genetic
mutations that made them less susceptible to common diseases.
ANS: A
Research supports that most super-centenarians are functionally and cognitively intact,
requiring minimal assistance with ADLs. The number of super-centenarians is expected to
increase in coming years as the number of older adults increases. Although centenarians still
carry genetic markers within their chromosomes for any number of health problems, for as
yet unknown reasons, these are not “activated” until much later, if at all, when compared
with other persons.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. One reason why many “baby boomers” have multiple chronic conditions such as heart
disease, diabetes, and arthritis is that:
a. they have less access to medication and other treatment regimens.
b. there was a lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up.
c. they did not have access to immunizations against communicable disease when
they were children.
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d. they grew up in an era of rampant poverty and malnutrition.
ANS: B
The baby boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964, post-WWII, have better access
to medication and treatment regimens than other cohorts. They have had the benefit of the
development of immunizations against communicable diseases. They grew up in an era of
prosperity post-WWII. However, there was a lack of importance placed on what we now
consider healthy living when they were younger. Smoking, for example, was not condoned,
but was considered a symbol of status. Candy in the shape of cigarettes was popular, and
there was much secondhand smoke.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. A nurse is planning an education program on wellness in a local senior citizen center. The
nurse plans to provide education on the importance of immunizations, annual physical
examinations, screening for diabetes, and vision and hearing screening. It is important for
the nurse to understand which of the following?
a. Less than 50% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive
services.
b. Preventive strategies are more widely used in the 50-64 age-group than in the 65
and over age-group.
c. The research on health promotion strategies in older adults demonstrates that they
have low efficacy.
d. There is an abundance of research specific to health promotion and aging.
ANS: A
Less than 50% of individuals, ages 65 and older, utilize the preventive services that are
available to them. However, only 25% of those between the ages of 50 and 64 do so. There
is a paucity of research specific to health promotion and aging; however, the research that
exists demonstrates that health promotion strategies are highly effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old male client with diabetes in a community setting. The
nurse promotes functional wellness by which of the following activities?
a. Encouraging the client to maintain current levels of physical activity
b. Assisting the client to receive all the recommended preventive screenings that are
appropriate for his age-group
c. Teaching the patient how to use a rolling walker so that he can ambulate for longer
distances
d. Encouraging the client to attend h