ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 LATEST 2024 WITH UPDATED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (ALREADY GRADED A+)

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
LATEST 2024 WITH UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (ALREADY GRADED A+)
What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis? a. Engulfment,
recognition, fusion, destruction b. Fusion, engulfment, recognition,
destruction c. Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction d.
Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction - ANSWER-C. Once
the phagocytic cell enters the inflammatory site, the only correct
sequence of phagocytosis involves the following steps: (1)
opsonization, or recognition, of the target and adherence of the
phagocyte to it; (2) engulfment, or ingestion or endocytosis, and the
formation of phagosome; (3) fusion with lysosomal granules within
the phagocyte (phagolysosome); and (4) destruction of the target.
When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory
reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte? a.
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Monocytes b. Eosinophils c. Neutrophils d. Basophils - ANSWERC. Only neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in the early
inflammatory site, arriving within 6 to 12 hours after the initial injury,
they ingest (phagocytose) bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris
at the inflammatory site.
In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic
cell is predominant? a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Chemokines
d. Eosinophils - ANSWER-B. Only monocytes and macrophages
perform many of the same functions as neutrophils but for a longer
time and in a later stage of the inflammatory response.
In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role
of eosinophils is to release what? a. Arylsulfatase B, which
stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes b. Histaminase, which
limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation c.
Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during
acute inflammation d. Immunoglobulin E, which defends
the body against parasites - ANSWER-B. Eosinophil lysosomes
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contain several enzymes that degrade vasoactive molecules,
thereby controlling the vascular effects of inflammation. These
enzymes include histaminase, which mediates the degradation of
histamine, and arylsulfatase B, which mediates the degradation of
some of the lipid-derived mediators produced by mast cells.
What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells? a. Initiation of the
complement cascade b. Elimination of malignant cells c. Binding
tightly to antigens d. Proliferation after immunization with antigen -
ANSWER-B. The main function of NK cells is to recognize and
eliminate cells infected with viruses, although they are also
somewhat effective at eliminating other abnormal host cells,
specifically cancer cells. The complement system is activated in
one of three ways (classical, lectin, and alternative), none of which
involve NK cells. Antibodies bind tightly to antigens.
Immunization leads to the proliferation of antibodies.
Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
a. Eosinophil b. Neutrophils c. T lymphocytes d. B lymphocytes -
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ANSWER-A. Eosinophils serve as the body's primary defense
against parasites. T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are involved
in acquired immunity. Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes
in the early inflammatory site