PHARMACOLOGY HESI RN WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER GRADED A 2024/2025

Phenobarbital (Luminal) - ANSWER-Anticonvulsant/Hypnotic; tonic-clonic and partial seizures; the longest acting of common barbiturates; combined with other drugs; adverse reactions: drowsiness, nystagmus, ataxia, paradoxical excitement; therapeutic levels: 15-60mcg/ml; avoid rapid infusion, monitor BP

Keppra (levetiracetam) - ANSWER-Anticonvulsant, kid friendly

Phenytoin (Dilantin) - ANSWER-Anticonvulsant. SEs: Nysagmus, diplopia, EOM palsies, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia.

Gabapentin (Neurontin) - ANSWER-An anticonvulsant used to treat neuropathic pain, with super high doses good for anxiety, the patient will be drowsy, given with other anticonvulsant drugs

Pregabalin (Lyrica) - ANSWER-used to treat neuropathic pain

Loratidine (Claritin), Cetrizine (Zyrtec) - ANSWER-antihistamines, tx for allergies

Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles), Codeine, dextromethorphan - ANSWER-antitussives helps to reduce cough

Guaifenesin (Mucinex) - ANSWER-Category: Expectorant, Use: Productive and nonproductive cough, Precautions: Increase fluids if possible

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) - ANSWER-decongestant (alpha-1 adrenergic agonist)

Oxymetazoline (Afrin) - ANSWER-nasal decongestant; may cause rebound congestion if used for more than 3-5 days

Warfarin (Coumadin) - ANSWER-Anticoagulant that thins the blood, need to check INR/PT blood values, antidote is vitamin k, if showing signs of bleeding check your INR, limit leafy green vegetables

Metronidazole (Flagyl) - ANSWER-Antiprotozoal. Use: trichomoniasis and giardiasis. Clostridium difficile, amebic dysentery, PID, vaginosis. Precautions: take with food, do not consume alcohol during therapy or 48 hr after completion of regimen. Violent vomiting from patient means they drank while taking.

Finasteride (Proscar) and Tamsulosin (Flomax) - ANSWER-Prostate Anti-inflammatory, treats BPH

calcium carbonate (Tums) and famotidine (Pepcid) - ANSWER-antacid, treatment is effective if heartburn is relieved, if taken with heart medications or Synthroid it will reduce the effectiveness of the drugs, decreases absorption of the medication

Amiodarone (Cordarone) - ANSWER-Antidysrhythmic agent. Prolongs repolarization, relaxes smooth muscles, decreases vascular resistance. For ventricular fibrillation and unstable ventricular tachycardia. Incompatible with heparin, may be given in PO maintenance dose, monitor for respiratory complications.

Norepinephrine (Levophed) - ANSWER-*class*: vasopressor
*Indication*: treatment of severe hypotension and shock
*Action*: increase blood pressure and cardiac output by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels, demonstrates minor beta activity
*Nursing Considerations*:
- monitor BP continuously if possible or every couple of minutes
- double check all concentrations with additional nurse
- may result in rebound hypotension due to tissue ischemia when discontinued
- monitor EKG and CVP if possible
- if patient is awake instruct them to report headaches, dizziness, or chest pain

Glargine (Lantus) - ANSWER-Long-acting insulin Onset 1 hour Peak (minimal) Duration up to 24 hours, check blood sugar before giving any insulin, do not mix Lantas with any other insulin
Methadone - ANSWER-pain management, heroine patients that need to be transitioned into sobriety