MedSurg Final Exam Practice Tests Questions With Detailed Answers Newest 2024

MedSurg Final Exam Practice Tests Questions With Detailed Answers Newest 2024

The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained rib fractures after hitting the steering wheel
of the car during a motor vehicle crash. The patient is spontaneously breathing and
receiving oxygen via a face mask; the oxygen saturation is 95%. During the nurse's
assessment, the oxygen saturation drops to 80%. The patient's blood pressure has dropped
from 128/76 mmHg to 84/60. The nurse assesses the breath sounds are absent throughout
the left lung fields. The nurse notifies the provider and anticipates:
A) needle thoracostomy and chest tube insertion
B) administration of lactated Ringer's solution (1L) wide open
C) endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
D) chest x-ray study to determine the etiology of the symptoms - needle thoracostomy and
chest tube insertion
Treatment and/or prevention of rhabdomyolysis in at-risk patients includes aggressive fluid
resuscitation to achieve urine output of:
a. 30 mL/hr.
b. 50 mL/hr.
c. 100 mL/hr.
d. 300 mL/hr. - 100 mL/hr
A 36-year-old driver was pulled from a car after it collided with a tree and a gas tank
exploded. What assessment data suggest the patient suffered tissue damage consistent with
a blast injury?
A) responsive only to painful stimuli
B) irregular heart rate and rhythm
C) blood pressure 82/60 mmHg, heart rate 122 beats/min, respiratory rate 28
breaths/min.
D) crackles (rales) on auscultation of bilateral lung fields - crackles (rales) on auscultation
of bilateral lung fields
The nurse is caring for a patient who has circumferential full-thickness burns of his
forearm. A priority in the plan of care is:
A) to splint the forearm
B) active or passive-range of motion exercises every hour
C) to keep the extremity in a dependent position
D) to prepare for an escharotomy as a prophylactic measure - active or passive range of
motion exercises every hour
A patient with a 60% burn in the acute phase of treatment develops a tense abdomen,
decreasing urine output, hypercapnia and hypoxemia. Based on this assessment, the nurse
anticipates interventions to evaluate and treat the patient for:
A) Intra-abdominal hypertension
B) disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder
C) acute respiratory distress syndrome
D) acute kidney injury - Intra-abdominal hypertension
A critically ill patient has a living will in the chart. The patient's condition has deteriorated,
but the spouse wants "everything done," regardless of the patient's wishes. Which ethical
principle is the spouse violating?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Justice
C) Autonomy
D) Beneficence - Autonomy
The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with a traumatic brain injury following a motor
vehicle crash. Several weeks later, the patient is still ventilator dependent and unresponsive
to stimulation but occasionally takes a spontaneous breath. The physician explains to the
family that the patient has severe neurological impairment and is not expected to recover
consciousness. The nurse recognized that this patient is:
A) brain dead
B) in a persistent vegetative state
C) terminally ill
D) an organ donor - in a persistent vegetative state
A nurse caring for a patient with neurological impairment often must use painful stimuli to
elicit the patient's response. The nurse uses subtle measures of painful stimuli, such as nail
bed pressure. She neither slaps the patient nor pinches the nipple to elicit a response to
pain. In this scenario, the nurse is exemplifying the ethical principle of:
A) veracity- obligation to tell the truth
B) fidelity- moral duty to be faithful
C) nonmaleficence- to not intentionally harm others
D) beneficence- demonstrates actions intended to benefit others - nonmaleficence