NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1, 2
MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM (4 VERSION)
LATEST 2024 DETAIED ANSWERS
What lab tests can detect inflammation in the
body? - C Reactive protein and Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate
What is a C-reactive protein test? - increased level
can show systemic inflammation.
What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test? -
measures the rate at which the red blood cells in a
sample settle at the bottom. Increased level shows
systemic inflammation.
What is the role of histamine and what effect does
it have on the body during immune response? -
increases the permeability of blood capillaries,
vasodilation, hives and itchiness.
What is the role of bradykinin and what effect does
it have on the body during immune response? -
released from injured cells that stimulates pain
receptors and the mast cells to release histamine,
prostaglandins and leukotrienes to increase blood
flow.
What is the role of leukotrienes and what effect
does it have on the body during immune response?
- stimulate contraction of smooth muscles. Happens
in the respiratory tract when the trachea closes up.
What is the role of prostaglandins and what effect
does it have on the body during immune response?
- affects smooth muscle and increases mucus
secretion. The trachea starts to grow tight with
mucus stuck in it.
Explain innate immunity - you are born with it. It
occurs on the initial exposure to an antigen and
there are chemical and physical barriers to prevent
invasion such as the skin, mucus membranes,
enzymes and pH. Fever, inflammation and
phagocytosis is included.
Specific or nonspecific: innate Immunity -
nonspecific
Explain adaptive immunity - slow to develop. More
efficient when there is subsequent exposure. Cells
will create memory. Recognizer foreign invaders
and destroys foreign invaders. More effective
defenses. B Cell= humoral immunity and produces
antibodies. T cells are cell mediated immunity and
involve T helper and cytotoxic T cells to activate
cells to fight foreign invaders.
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