2024 NBME CBSE ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION
Type II pneumocytes - ANSWER-surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANSWER-Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANSWER-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANSWER-Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANSWER-Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - ANSWER-macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANSWER-Lysine interchain
crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANSWER-Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANSWER-Exhale of
Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANSWER-LHF, pulmonary
edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANSWER-emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANSWER-DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - ANSWER-pulmonary =
systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANSWER-Bronchial circulation
causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - ANSWER-BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANSWER-basic, cold, low 2,3
BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANSWER-low pH, high
2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANSWER-*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANSWER-carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - ANSWER-lactic acidosis
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