HESI RN Pharmacology V2 Exam & Study Guide 2024/2025

A home care nurse is instructing a client with hyperemesis gravidarum about measures to ease the
nausea and vomiting. The nurse tells the client to:
A. Eat foods high in calories and fat
B. Lie down for at least 20 minutes after meals
C. Eat carbohydrates such as cereals, rice, and pasta Correct
D. Consume primarily soups and liquids at mealtimes
A nurse is caring for a client with preeclampsia who is receiving a magnesium sulfate
HESI RN Pharmacology V2 Exam &
Study Guide 2024/2025
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate is effective in preventing seizures (eclampsia) if diuresis occurs within
24 to 48 hours of the start of the infusion. As part of the therapeutic response, renal perfusion is
increased and the client is free of visual disturbances, headache, epigastric pain, clonus (the rapid
rhythmic jerking motion of the foot that occurs when the client’s lower leg is supported and the foot is
sharply dorsiflexed), and seizure activity. Hyperreflexia indicates cerebral irritability. Clonus is
normally not present. The therapeutic magnesium level is 4 to 8 mg/dL. Reflexes range from 1+ to
2+ but should not be absent.
Rationale: Calcium gluconate is the antidote to magnesium sulfate because it antagonizes the
effects of magnesium at the neuromuscular junction. It should be readily available whenever
magnesium is administered. Vitamin K is the antidote in cases of hemorrhage induced by the
administration of oral anticoagulants such as warfarin sodium (Coumadin). Protamine sulfate is the
infusion toprevent eclampsia. Which finding indicates to the nurse that the medication is
effective?
E. Clonus is present. Incorrect
F. Magnesium level is 10 mg/dL.
G. Deep tendon reflexes are absent.
H. The client experiences diuresis within 24 to 48 hours. Correct
A client with preeclampsia who is receiving magnesium sulfate in an intravenous infusion
exhibitssigns of magnesium toxicity. The nurse immediately prepares for the administration
of:
I. Vitamin K
J. Protamine sulfate Incorrect
K. Calcium gluconate Correct
L. Naloxone hydrochloride
HESI RN Pharmacology V2 Exam &
Study Guide 2024/2025
Rationale: The best sources of folic acid are liver; kidney, pinto, lima, and black beans; and fresh
dark-green leafy vegetables. Other good sources of folic acid are orange juice, peanuts, refried
beans, and peas. Milk is high in calcium. Chicken and steak are high in protein.
Rationale: Seborrheic dermatitis, a chronic inflammation of the scalp or other areas of the skin, is
characterized by yellow, scaly, oily lesions. It sometimes results when parents do not wash over the
anterior fontanel carefully for fear that they will hurt the infant. Treatment includes the application of
oil (e.g., mineral oil) to the area to help soften the lesions followed by gentle removal of the scaly
lesions with a comb before the head is shampooed. The nurse should teach the mother how to
shampoo the scalp and explain that she will not damage the fontanel with normal gentle
shampooing. The scalp should be rinsed well to remove all soap, which could cause irritation.
A nurse instructs a pregnant client about foods that are high in folic acid. Which item does the
nursetell the client is the best source of folic acid?