NEUROBIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA,
MOOD DISORDERS, AND ANXIETY
DISORDERS FINAL EXAM 2023 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS CHAPTER 19
Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?
a. Dopamine
b. Gamma-aminobutyric acid
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin - ANS: B
In the dorsal prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic brains, glutamic
acid decarboxylase, the major enzyme in gamma-aminobutyric
acid GABA biosynthesis, is diminished, which likely impairs
synaptic performance and cognitive and behavioral functions
associated with this brain region. The other neurotransmitters
mentioned in the option choices are not related to the
presentation of schizophrenia.
Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Blunted affect
b. Auditory hallucinations
c. Poverty of speech
d. Lack of social interaction - ANS: B
Positive symptoms frequently occur during a psychotic episode,
when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences
something that should be absent (e.g., hallucinations). The
remaining options are classified as negative symptoms.
The onset of schizophrenia can be triggered by which prenatal
occurrence?
a. Viral infection
b. Maternal depression
c. Maternal smoking
d. Exposure to toxic waste - ANS: A
A leading hypothesis for the cause of schizophrenia suggests that
the illness results from neurodevelopmental defects that occur in
fetal life. Several early environmental factors have been
suggested to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia,
including viral infection during pregnancy, prenatal nutritional
deficiencies, and perinatal complications, such as birth defects
and neonatal hypoxia. No current research supports the theory
that any of the other options are prenatal triggers of
schizophrenia.
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