PATHO HESI EXIT LATEST NUTRITION 2024 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 100 QUESTINS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+)

PATHO HESI EXIT LATEST NUTRITION 2024 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 100 QUESTINS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+)

A large, high-calorie meal has resulted in the intake of far more energy than a person requires. What will the individual's body do with the excess carbohydrates provided by this meal?

A. Convert them into glucose and store them in the liver and muscles
B. Excrete most of the excess polysaccharides through the kidneys
C. Convert the carbohydrates into amino acids in preparation for long-term storage
D. Create structural proteins from some of the carbohydrates and store the remainder as triglycerides - Answer-A

Dietary carbohydrates are largely converted to glucose, which is stored as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle cells. They are not excreted by the kidneys, and carbohydrates cannot be directly converted into amino acids or structural proteins.

While educating a class about adipocytes in adipose tissue, the faculty will emphasize these cells not only serve as storage sites but also are able to:

A. Produce linoleic fatty acid
B. Synthesize triglycerides
C. Increase glucagon release
D. Degrade fat-soluble vitamins - Answer-B

Adipocytes synthesize and store lipids as triglycerides. Polyunsaturated linoleic fatty acid is obtained from dietary fats. Fat-soluble vitamins are components of the enzyme system required for energy to be released from fat. Adipocytes store glycerol and release it as an energy source when needed.

When educating students about the differences between brown fat versus white fat, the instructor will share that brown fat has iron in its mitochondria that will facilitate:

A. Production of a protein that releases the energy generated from metabolism as heat
B. The primary function of storing fat energy
C. Insulation and cushioning of the body's vital organs
D. Concentration of the fat tissue in the greater omentum and around the kidneys - Answer-A

Brown fat differs from white fat in terms of its thermogenic capacity (its ability to produce heat). The color of brown fat reflects the presence of iron in its abundant mitochondria. Brown fat mitochondria produce a specific protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) that releases the energy generated from metabolism as heat. The functions of white fat include energy storage, endocrine and adipocytokine secretion, insulation, and cushioning of vital organs. Internally, white adipose tissue is preferentially located in the greater omentum, mesentery, and retroperitoneal space and is usually abundant around the kidney.