PORTAGE LEARNING
BIOD 171 MODULE 6
PRACTICE EXAM LATEST
2024 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
True or False: viruses can be classified as prokaryotic or
eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSW-False. Viruses are neither
prokaryotic or eukaryotic
What is an obligate intracellular parasite? - CORRECT
ANSW-viruses cannot replicate unless inside a living host
cell. As a parasite, a virus depends on its living host to
provide the framework (proteins, etc) to replicate—to
make additional copies of itself.
What is a viral capsid? - CORRECT ANSW-a membranelike protective structure that contains genetic material
similar to nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
What is the viral envelope, and what does the presence
(or absence) of it tell you about the type of virus? -
CORRECT ANSW-The envelope surrounds the viral
capsid, is derived from the host cell membrane and serves
as an additional barrier to the external environment. The
overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped
whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses
are not.
What type of microscope would be used to study the
shape of a viral capsid? - CORRECT ANSW-Due to its
size (~30-150 nm) most viral capsids must be visualized
via electron microscopy.
How does the viral envelope both aid in cell entry as well
as hide it from being detected by the immune system? -
CORRECT ANSW-The viral envelope contains the
necessary proteins required for interaction with host cells.
As the envelope is derived from the host cell membrane,
this camouflages the virus and lowers the likelihood of
immune detection by making it appear similar to the
normal biological host cell.
What must happen before viral replication of its genome
can occur? - CORRECT ANSW-For all viruses, the
genome is replicated following attachment and entry,
never before.
Describe the basic steps of the viral life cycle. -
CORRECT ANSW-1. Attachment: Viral receptors bind to
host proteins on the surface of the cell.2. Entry: The virus
fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell3.
Uncoating: (where applicable) the viral capsid
disassembles4. Replication: The viral genome provides
the 'blueprint' to make copies of itself5. Exit: New viruses
are produced and leave the cell6. New infection: Newly
produced viruses leave the host cell and go on to infect
new cells. The process outlined above now restarts.
What is a bacteriophage? - CORRECT ANSW-A virus that
infects bacteria
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