NR507 Midterm Exam 2024 / NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of Nursing(VERSION A)

What can uncontrolled tachycardia lead to? -
...ANSWER...reduced stroke volume and fatigue
What are the two parts of the cardiac cycle? -
...ANSWER...diastole and systole
What causes blood to move from the atria to the ventricles -
...ANSWER...gravity and atriole systole
What causes the S1 heart sound? -
...ANSWER...Bicuspid/Mitral and Tricuspid valves closing
What are the atrioventricular valves? - ...ANSWER...tricuspid
and bicuspid (mitral) valves
What are the semilunar valves? - ...ANSWER...pulmonary
and aortic valves
What causes the semilunar valves to open? - ...ANSWER...As
ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is
pushed up against the SL valves, forcing them to open
ejection fraction - ...ANSWER...measurement of the volume
percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each
contraction
What causes the semilunar valves to close? -
...ANSWER...ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure
falls, blood flows back from the arteries, and fill the cusps of
the semilunar valves
What causes the S2 heart sound? - ...ANSWER...closing of
semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves
What prevents the backflow into the ventricles -
...ANSWER...semilunar valves
Stenosis of heart valve - ...ANSWER...A narrowing of the
valve opening, causing turbulent flow and enlargement of the
emptying chamber
Stenosis of a heart valve, may result in what? -
...ANSWER...Narrowing of the heart valves means that blood
moves with difficulty out of the heart. Results may include
chest pain, edema in the feet or ankles, and irregular heartbeat.
and hypertrophy
heart failure - ...ANSWER...cardiac dysfunction caused by the
inability of the heart to provide adequate CO resulting in
inadequate tissue perfusion
Left sided heart failure characteristic - ...ANSWER...inability
of the left ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into
systemic circulation
Causes of left sided heart failure - ...ANSWER...systemic
hypertension
left ventricle MI
LV hypertrophy
Aortic SL valve or bicuspid valve damage
Secondary to right heart failure
How does LV hypertrophy lead to left sided heart failure -
...ANSWER...The hypertrophy is secondary to cardiac
damage resulting in an enlarged by weaker structure that
holds more blood
How does Aortic SL valve or bicuspid valve damage lead to
heart failure - ...ANSWER...damage leads to back flow into
the left atrium or ventricle after ejection
Biventricular failure - ...ANSWER...unresolved left sided
heart failure will increase pressure on the right side of the
heart contributing to right sided heart failure as well
How does heart failure progress from hypertension? -
...ANSWER...- high systemic vascular pressure causes high
after load requires the left ventricle to increase contraction
force to eject the blood
- damage causes reduced ejection fraction and left ventricle
gets tired and becomes unable to eject normal amount of
blood
- increased amount of blood remaining in left ventricle and
increased left ventricle preload causes the left atrium unable
to eject the normal amount of blood into the left ventricle
- blood volume and pressure backs up into the pulmonary
veins
- increased pressure will force fluid from the pulmonary
capillaries into the pulmonary tissues
What does fluid in the pulmonary tissue result in -
...ANSWER...the areas are flooded and results in pulmonary
edema and dyspnea
cor pulmonale - ...ANSWER...right-sided heart failure