Advanced Physical Assessment (NR 509) Final Exam 2023-2024 250+ Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales Best Study Material for Passing Finals

Advanced Physical Assessment (NR 509)
Final Exam 2023-2024 250+ Questions with
Correct Answers and Rationales Best Study
Material for Passing Finals
During a musculoskeletal examination, the clinician instructs the patient to look over one
shoulder, and then the other shoulder. This action assesses the movement of which muscle(s)?
a. Scalenes
b. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
c. Splenius capitis
d. Prevertebral muscles
e. Splenius cervicis Correct Answer and Rationale- b. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Rationale: The action is rotation of the neck. The muscles responsible for rotation of the neck are
the SCM and the small intrinsic neck muscles. Scalenes is incorrect; the action of the scalene
muscle is to flex the neck. The scalenes also laterally bend the neck. Splenius capitis is incorrect;
the action of the splenius capitis muscle is to extend the neck. Prevertebral muscles is incorrect;
the action of the prevertebral muscles is to flex the neck. Splenius cervicis is incorrect; the action
of the splenius cervicis muscle is to extend the neck.
During a musculoskeletal examination of the spine, what is the action(s) of the erector spinae
muscle group?
a. Rotation of the spine
b. Extension of the spine
c. Flexion of the spine
d. Lateral bending of the spine
e. Rotation and lateral bending of the spine Correct Answer and Rationale- b. Extension of the
spine
Rationale: The erector spinae muscle group is one of the deep intrinsic muscle groups of the back
that extend the spine. Rotation of the spine is incorrect; the muscles that rotate the spine are the
abdominal muscles and the intrinsic muscles of the back. Flexion of the spine is incorrect; the
muscles that flex the spine are the psoas major and minor, quadratus lumborum, and the
abdominal muscles. Lateral bending of the spine is incorrect; the muscles that laterally bend the
spine are the abdominal muscles and the intrinsic muscles of the back. Rotation and lateral
bending of the spine is incorrect; the muscles that laterally bend the spine are the abdominal
muscles and the intrinsic muscles of the back.
An overweight 26-year-old public servant presents to the Emergency Department with 12 hours
of intense abdominal pain, light-headedness, and a fainting episode that finally prompted her to
seek medical attention. She has a strong family history of gallstones and is concerned about this
possibility. She has not had any vomiting or diarrhea. She had a normal bowel movement this
morning. Her β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) is positive at triage. She reports that her
last period was 10 weeks ago. Her vital signs at triage are pulse, 118; blood pressure, 86/68;
respiratory rate, 20/min; oxygen saturation, 99%; and temperature, 37.3ºC orally. The clinician
performs an abdominal exam prior to her pelvic exam and, on palpation of her abdomen, finds
involuntary rigidity and rebound tenderness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Ruptured tubal (or ectopic) pregnancy
b. Acute cholecystitis
c. Ruptured appendix
d. Perforated bowel wall
e. Ruptured ovarian cyst Correct Answer and Ration