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Edexcel A Level Chemistry Paper 3 Mark Scheme June 2023-2024

Edexcel A Level Chemistry Paper
3 Mark Scheme June 2023-2024
Why does infrared spectroscopy work? - ANS-All bonds vibrate at a
characteristic frequency when exposed to infrared radiation
Steps in free radical substitution - ANS-Initiation (producing free
radicals), Propagation (form products and more free radicals) and
Termination (removing free radicals by forming molecules)
Example of free radical substitution - ANS-Chlorine, methane and UV
light
Which carbocation intermediate is the most stable? - ANS-Tertiary (then
secondary)
What determines if a reaction is Sn1 or Sn2? - ANS-Number of species
involved in the rate-determining step
Which molecules favour Sn1 over Sn2? - ANS-Primary halogenoalkanes
Which of Sn1 and Sn2 reactions involve a transition state? - ANS-Sn1 (1
bond is being broken at the same time that another is being made)
What is the rate determining step in Sn2 reactions? - ANS-The breaking
of the C-X bond to form a carbocation
Why do tertiary halogenoalkanes favour Sn2 reactions? - ANS-They have
the most steric hindrance
How to form chloroalkanes from alcohols? - ANS-Add PCl5
How to form bromoalkanes from alcohols? - ANS-HBr + 50% sulfuric
acid
Mass spectrometry - ANS-using lasers to ionise atoms into cations, then
measure the abundance and mass using their mass-to-charge ratios
Mass to charge ratio - ANS-the mass of an ion divided by its charge
(usually +1 in mass spectrometry)
units: m/z
relative atomic mass - ANS-the average mass of an atom of an element
relative to 1/12 of an atom of the isotope C-12
relative isotopic mass - ANS-the relative mass an atom of an isotope
relative to 1/12 of the mass of a C-12 atom
relative molecular mass - ANS-the relative mass of a molecule, differs
due to different isotopes of the atoms in the molecule
relative formula mass - ANS-the average mass the atoms within a unit,
used with large ionic compounds where there are more atoms than given
in the chemical formula
avogadros constant - ANS-the number of particles in 1 mole: 6.02 *
10^23
empirical formula - ANS-the simplest ratio of elements in a compoud
percentage composition - ANS-the percentage by mass of each element
in a compound
gas laws - ANS-show how the volume of a gas depends on 3 things

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Specificaties

Niveau: University
School: Chamberlain
Opleiding: Nursing
Studiejaar: 2024
Document
Rubriek: Tentamens
Gemaakt op: 28-05-2024
Type: .pdf
Pagina's: 25
Taal: English

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