OCR A LEVEL A CHEMISTRY . MODULE 6 EXAM 2019
What is the equation for aldehydes being turned into hydroxy nitriles? -
ANSWER-aldehyde + HCN = hydroxy nitrile
What type of reaction is the formation of a hydroxy nitrile from an aldehyde or
ketone? - ANSWER-Nucleophilic addition
What can nitriles be reduced into? - ANSWER-Amines
What is the equation and catalyst for the formation of an amine from a nitrile? -
ANSWER-Nitrile + 2H2 = Amine
Nickel catalyst
What can the hydrolysis of nitriles form? - ANSWER-Carboxylic acids
Name the equation and conditions for the hydrolysis of nitriles - ANSWER-Nitrile
+ HCl + 2H2O = carboxylic acid + NH4Cl
Dilute aqueous acid
Name two ways to increase carbon-carbon bonds using benzene rings. -
ANSWER-The alkylation and acylation of benzene rings
What is chromatography used for? - ANSWER-Used to seperate mixtures of
substances into their components.
Where might the synthesis of organic compounds with more carbon atoms be
important? - ANSWER-The pharmaceutical industry
What is the nitrile group? - ANSWER--CN
Name the reagents and conditions to form nitriles from haloalkanes - ANSWER
Sodium cyanide/ potassium cyanise
Ethanolic solvent
Name the general equation for the formation of nitriles from haloalkanes.
Use X to represent a halogen and R to represent a carbon chain - ANSWER-RX +
NaCN = RCN + NaX
What type of reaction is the formation of nitriles from haloalkanes? - ANSWER
Nucleophilic substitution
What types of nitriles can be made from aldehydes and ketones? - ANSWER
Hydroxy nitriles
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