RN VATI PHARMACOLOGY 2024/2025 QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT EXPLANATION

RN VATI PHARMACOLOGY 2019 QUESTIONS
WITH EXPERT EXPLANATIONS
A nurse is preparing to administer diclofenac to a client who has chronic bursitis. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
a. administer the medication at bedtime
b. avoid administering the medication with antacids
c. administer the medication with food
d. crush the medication prior to administration
Administer the medication with food
Diclofenac is an NSAID and can cause gastric irritation. Clients should take NSAIDs with food
or milk to minimize gastric irritation.he nurse should not administer the medication at bedtime
because the client should remain upright for 15 to 30 min after administration to prevent
esophageal irritation. Diclofenac is available as an enteric-coated tablet for delayed release.
Clients should not crush or chew sustained-release medications because doing so will increase
gastrointestinal adverse effects and decrease the effectiveness of the medication.
A nurse is planning care for a client who has asthma and a prescription for methylprednisolone.
Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor while the client is receiving
this medication?
a. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
b. Fibrin split products
c. BUN
d. Glucose
Glucose
Methylprednisolone therapy increases the synthesis of glucose and decreases the uptake of
glucose by the muscles and adipose tissues, resulting in increased circulating glucose. Therefore,
it is important for the nurse to monitor blood glucose levels regularly while clients are receiving
corticosteroid therapy.
Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme that is present in the heart, liver, skeletal muscles, and
other highly metabolic tissues. AST levels are increased in conditions that cause cellular injury,
such as liver disease; however, methylprednisolone therapy does not affect AST levels. Fibrin
split products are present in the serum when thromboses are present. Increased levels of fibrin
split products can increase disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); however,
methylprednisolone therapy does not affect blood clotting. BUN levels reflect kidney function
and glomerular filtration. Hydration status and nephrotoxic medications can alter BUN levels;
however, methylprednisolone therapy does not affect renal function.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postmenopausal and has a prescription for raloxifene. The
nurse should instruct the client that raloxifene is prescribed for which of the following reasons?
a. To treat irritable bowel syndrome
b. To reduce the risk for breast cancer
c. To reduce the occurrence of hot flashes
d. To lower the risk of pulmonary embolism
To reduce the risk for breast cancer
Raloxifene can lower the risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal clients who have a high risk
for developing estrogen-receptive types of breast cancer. The medication also reduces the risk for
and can treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator.
In clients who are postmenopausal, it can reduce the risk for and treat osteoporosis and protect
against breast cancer.
Hot flashes are an adverse effect of raloxifene. Raloxifene reduces the occurrenc