CCC2 PRN 1178 Exam 1 Questions With Answers 2023

CCC2 PRN 1178 Exam 1 Questions With
Answers 2023
Signs/symptoms of cancer - Unexplained weight loss, fever, fatigue, pain, skin changes,
Obstruction, Hemorrhage, Anemia, Fracture, Infection, Cachexia.
Screenings for men and women and when should be done - Breast 20+, Cervix 21-65,
Colorectal men & women 50+, Endometrial women at menopause, Lung if smoker 55-
74, Prostate 50+, Cancer related check up 20+.
Dehydration Signs & Symptoms and Interventions - cool dry skin, poor skin turgor, weak
thready pulse. IV fluids or fluid orally.
Osmosis - Movement of pure solvent (liquid) across membrane, moves from area of
less solute concentration to area of greater concentration until the solutions in the
compartments are of equal concentration. Takes place via a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration. Passive transport is substances move back and forth across the
membrane until evenly distributed throughout the available space
Filtration - A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Active Transport - Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region
of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Hypokalemia Signs and Symptoms - muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting,
intestinal distention decreased bowel sounds
decreased, deep tendon reflexes, ventricular dysrhythmias, paresthesias weak, irregular
pulse, low potassium flat t waves, high heart rate low blood pressure decreased GI
motility.
Fluid Overload Signs and Symptoms - Shortness of breath, cough, elevated b/p,
puffiness around the eyes, edema in dependent areas; distended veins, moist breath
sounds, crackle lungs, increased urine output.
Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms - Diarrhea, Numbness and tingling of extremities,
Muscle cramps ,Tetany, Convulsions,Laryngeal spasms, Cardiac irritability,Positive
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs,· Low calcium, low BP, abnormal HR, hyperactivity,
numbness. Shift of calcium in the bones.
Hypernatremia - Causes an osmotic shift of fluid from the cells to the interstitial spaces,
which causes a cellular dehydration and interruption of normal cell processes.
Electrolyte - sodium, potassium, chloride.
Fluid Balance Interventions - Maintaining equal input and output. Replace water loss
with fluids containing sodium.
Hypercalcemia - Muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion,
absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency, elevated b/p, thirst, polyuria,
hypo-activity.
Interstitial fluid - Fluid in the spaces between cells. Extracellular.
Intracellular and extracellular - Fluid within the cell. Fluid outside of the cell. Extracellular
is Intravascular, Interstitial and Transcellular.
Cancer - A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging
the parts of the body around them.· External radiation therapy/teachings: help with
coping, skin care, wash area once daily with mild soap, limit sun exposure, do not use
lotion, salve or alcohol on the area, wear loose clothing over the area, do not shave the
area.
Dietary teaching to reduce risk for developing cancer: - Moderate your portion of red
and processed meats, maintain healthy weight, fruits and veggies, stay away from
smoked foods.
Chemotherapy side effects and interventions - Nausea and vomiting, Loss of appetite,
Hair loss, Mouth sores, Fatigue, Skin care, Encourage good nutrition and hydration,
monitor signs of infections.
Antimetics - Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting
center of the brain during chemo treatments.
CANCER Interventions - C = Comfort
A = Altered body image
N = Nutrition
C = Chemotherapy
E = Evaluate response to medications
R = Respite for caretakers
Cancer interventions, dietary - Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, Pharmacologic
cognitive behavioral, psychotherapeutic interventions. High protein, vitamin
supplementation, low temperature food, favorite foods, small meals frequently
Cancer Education - Mouth care, increase fluid intake, small frequent meals, weight
should be taken and compared, avoid spicy foods, alcohol and tobacco.