Basic Outline of ATLS Protocol? - ANSWERS,1. Preparation
2. Triage
3. Primary survey
4. Adjunct to Primary survey
5. Re-assess ABCDE and consider need for transfer
6. Transfer if needed
7. Secondary Survey
8. Adjuncts to second Survey
9. Pt. re-evaluation
10. Definitive Care.
What is something you could do to get a quick assessment of ABCD? - ANSWERS,Ask the pt. a
question. If they can respond it can give you an idea about their airway and mental status. Failure to
respond tells you there are abnormalities in ABCD.
What assumption can safely be made in a pt. with blunt multisystem trauma above the clavicle or
Altered mental status? - ANSWERS,That the C-spine is compromised.
4 Steps to manage A? - ANSWERS,Assess for patency
Establish airway
Maintain C-spine
Reinstate Proper C-spine devices.
2 steps to Breathing? - ANSWERS,1.Expose Neck and chest to inspect and palpate. Percuss chest for
presence of dullness or hyperresonance, auscultate chest bilaterally. All this checking for Tension
Pneumo, Flail chest, Hemothorax, Open Pneumothorax.
2. Administer High concentration O2, ventilate with bag, alleviate Tension Pneumo, attach CO2
monitor to ET tube, Pulse ox.
What is the predominant cause of preventable deaths after injury? - ANSWERS,Hemorrhage.
2 steps to managing C? - ANSWERS,1. Identify any sources of external/internal bleeding bleeding.
The four big areas for massive bleeding include: Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis, Femur Fx.
Assess Pulse quality, color of skin level of consciousness, BP.
2. Large bore IVs and obtain blood samples. Type and cross,
ABG.
Warm Fluids/blood.
T or F: Aggressive and continued volume resuscitation is not a substitute for definitive control of
hemorrhage. - ANSWERS,True.
Blood loss Classifications? - ANSWERS,Class 1: 750mL Loss= 15%
Class 2: 750-1500mL Loss=15-30%
Class 3: 1500-2000mL Loss= 30-40%
Class 4: >2000mL Loss= >40%
Urine output will be less. HR will increase. BP decreases, Respiratory Rate Increases.
At what class Should you start Blood transfusing? - ANSWERS,Class 3 or higher.
3 Steps to D? - ANSWERS,Establish Level of consciousness, Pupillary size and reaction, Lateralizing
signs and spinal cord injury level.
1. Glascow score.
2. Pupil size and reaction
Blown and dilated pupils indicate intracranial hemorrhage or swelling with increased ICP
3. Lateralizing signs. If they are moving, are they moving both sides equally, are there any signs of
spinal cord injury.
What is assessed in glasgow? - ANSWERS,eyes respons
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