2024 NR507 MIDTERM CHAMBERLAIN Verified Answers (Graded A+ )

2024 NR507 MIDTERM CHAMBERLAIN Verified Answers (Graded A+ )


1. What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and illicit substances

2. What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? –
CORRECT ANSWERS Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)

3. What are some manifestations of AGE? –
CORRECT ANSWERS Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. May also include fatigue, malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.

4. How is the severity of AGE gauged? - CORRECT ANSWERS Dehydration secondary to profuse watery diarrhea, fever greater than 101ºF (38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.

5. What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is suspected? - CORRECT ANSWERS Travel, dining locations, ABX history..

6. What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are taken and how does this affect bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWERS High pH can make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.

7. How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization? - CORRECT ANSWERS Small bowel stasis as a result of obstruction, diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an overgrowth of bacteria within the stagnant segment.

8. Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against invading organisms? - CORRECT ANSWERS IgA...may also help protect against a future attack by the same pathogen.

9. Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this bacterial or viral? - CORRECT ANSWERS Bacterial: time frame suggests food poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed toxin such as that of Bacillus cereus.

10. What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? - CORRECT ANSWERS Incubation periods greater than 14 hours and the initial symptom of vomiting.

11. If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what can be understood about the reason for blood in the stool/ - CORRECT ANSWERS Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to invasive pathogens.

12. What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? - CORRECT ANSWERS Malabsorption problem.

13. Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may present with edema. What is the reason? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypoalbuminemia

14. T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology. - CORRECT ANSWERS True

15. T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or toxins - CORRECT ANSWERS True

16. What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in adults? - CORRECT ANSWERS Norovirus

17. What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in pediatrics? - CORRECT ANSWERS Rotavirus. This has been greatly reduced since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.

18. T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody diarrhea or systemic disease - CORRECT ANSWERS False

19. T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial AGE - CORRECT ANSWERS False

20. When are stool studies warranted? - CORRECT ANSWERS Severe or prolonged diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC, bloody stools or stools that test positive for leukocytes or occult blood.

21. What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's Diarrhea? - CORRECT ANSWERS Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli.

22. What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea after initiation of completion of antibiotic therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Test for C. diff.

23. What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe abdominal pain? - CORRECT ANSWERS IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small bowel diverticulosis.

24. What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need for hospitalization? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal bleeding, weight loss, severe