Bio 101 NVCC Exam 1 TEST WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Matter - ANSWER organisms are composed of matter
Element - ANSWER - A substance that cannot be broken down to other
substances by chemical reactions
- Oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen make up 96.3% of the body
- An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms
Compound - ANSWER A substance consisting of two or more elements
in a fixed ratio
Trace elements - ANSWER required by an organism in only minute
quantities
Atoms - ANSWER the smallest unit of matter that still contains
properties of an element
Protons - ANSWER - Positively charged particles
- The negative and positive protons hold the atom together
- # of protons = # of neutrons = # of electrons
Neutrons - ANSWER the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - ANSWER Negatively charged particles
atomic number - ANSWER the number of protons in an atom
mass number - ANSWER the sum of the number of neutrons and
protons in an atomic nucleus
Isotopes - ANSWER - Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons
- Used for dating fossils, tracking atoms through metabolic processes,
and diagnosing medical disorders
radioactive isotope - ANSWER An isotope whose nucleus decays
spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
electron shells (energy levels) - ANSWER - First shell: 2 electrons
- Second shell: 8 electrons
- Third shell: 8 electrons
- energy levels of shells increase with distance from the nucleus
valence shell - ANSWER The outermost energy shell of an atom,
containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of
that atom.
valence electrons - ANSWER Electrons on the outermost energy level
of an atom
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