Pericarditis - Inflammation of the pericardium, CP that goes away w/ mvmt and relieved w/ NSAIDS; ST elevation; Sharp, stabbing CP
Pericardial Effusion - Accumulation of fluid in the pericardium (the sac around the heart); complication of pericarditis;
-SOB, orthopnea, tachycardia (sx of HF)
-TX: NSAIDS----> Pericardiocentesis (depending on severity)
Pericardiocentesis - surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart
Cardiac Tamponade - acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
-s/sx: decreased CO, tachycardia, dyspea
-ECHO
-Pericardiocentesis
Hallmark of tamponade: Beck's triade - Muffled heart sounds, Distended jugular neck veins, hypotension
Carotid Endarterectomy - The surgical removal of the lining of a portion of clogged carotid artery leading to the brain. This is done to reduce the risk of a stroke caused by a disruption of blood flow to the brain.
Carotid Endarterectomy RN - -Frequent neuro checks
-Close BP monitoring
-Airway monitoring
-Monitoring for hematoma formation
IVC filter - Hemodynamically stable management for PE if anticoagulation contraindicated; recent trauma
-Placed just below renal arteries
Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Monitor
control BP
Surgery/repair
Emphysema (COPD breakdown) - destruction of the alveoli, over time they become constricted and lose their ability to expand
Bronchitis - Increased mucous and inflammation; narrowing of bronchi, scar damage (becomes chronic after 3 cases of acute)
Pulmonary Embolism - A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.
Virchow's Triad - Risk factors for PE: Stasis of Blood flow (immobility), hypercoagulability, injury or damage (postop pts), CA pt's,
Hemothorax - Blood in the pleural space
Tx: Chest tube or IR/OR for embolization
pneumothorax - air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall; air between lung tissue and lining
-Lung can't expand
-Tx: Chest tube
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