AGPNP Final PREP- 665 ALL PREP CONCEPTS COMBINED

AGPNP Final PREP- 665 ALL
PREP CONCEPTS COMBINED
o - ANSWER Macule: flat nonpalpable lesion less than 1 cm diameter.
Example: freckles (ephelis), lentigo or lentigines (plural)
o - ANSWER Papule: palpable solid lesion less than or equal to 0.5cm in
diameter. Example: nevi (moles), acne, small cherry angiomas
o - ANSWER Plaque: flattened elevated lesion with variable shape greater
than 1cm in diameter. Example: psoriatic lesions
o - ANSWER Bulla: elevated superficial blister filled with serous fluid and
more than 1cm in size. Example: impetigo, second-degree burn with
blisters, SJS lesions
o - ANSWER Vesicle: elevated superficial skin lesions less than 1 cm in
diameter and filled with serous fluid. Example: herpetic lesions
o - ANSWER Pustule: elevated superficial skin lesion less than 1cm in
diameter filled with purulent fluid. Example: acne pustules
o - ANSWER Lichenification: thickening of the epidermis with
exaggeration of normal skin lines due to chronic itching (eczema)
o - ANSWER Scale: flaking skin (psoriasis)
o - ANSWER Crust: dried exudate, may be serous exudate (impetigo)
o - ANSWER Ulceration: full-thickness loss of skin (decubiti or pressure
injury)
o - ANSWER Scar: permanent fibrotic changes following damage to the
dermis (surgical scars)
o - ANSWER Keloids/hypertrophic scar: overgrowth of scar tissue, more
common in blacks, Asians
o - ANSWER Acral: distal portions of the limbs such as the hand or feet
(accrual melanoma)
o - ANSWER Annular: ring-shaped (ringworm or tinea corporis)
o - ANSWER Exanthem: cutaneous rash
o - ANSWER Flexural: skin flexures are body folds (eczema affects
flexural folds)
o - ANSWER Maculopapular rash: rash with color (usually pink to red)
with small bumps that are raised above the skin
o - ANSWER Morbilliform: rash that resembles measles (pink rash with
texture)
o - ANSWER Nummular: coin-shaped, round (nummular eczema)
o - ANSWER Purpura: bleeding into the skin; small bleeds are petechial
(RMSF) and larger areas of bleeding are ecchymoses or purpura
(meningococcemia)
o - ANSWER Serpiginous: shaped like a snake (larva migrans)
o - ANSWER Verrucous: wart like
• - ANSWER Common dermatological conditions in primary care -
pediatric, pregnancy, adult and geriatric
o - ANSWER Christmas tree pattern=pityriasis rosea
o - ANSWER Honey-colored crusts=impetigo
o - ANSWER Erythema migrans= lyme disease
o - ANSWER Ring-shaped pruritic area with some central clearing-tinea
corporis (ringworm)
o - ANSWER Papules and vesicles on a dermatomal pattern= varicella
zoster virus
o - ANSWER Painful nodules in the axilla=hidradenitis suppurativa
o - ANSWER Pinpoint bleeding when scale is removed=psoriasis
o - ANSWER Atopic dermatitis
- ANSWER Chronic inherited skin disorder marked by extremely pruritic
rashes that are located on the hands, flexural folds, and neck (older child to
adult). Rashes are exacerbated by stress and environmental factors. It is
associated with atopic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and
multiple allergies
- ANSWER Classic case: infants up to 2 years of age have a larger area
of rash distribution compared to teens and adults. The rashes are typically
found on the cheeks, entire trunk, knees, and elbows. Older children and
adults have rashes on the hands, neck, and antecubital and popliteal space
(flexural folds). The classic rash starts as multiple small vesicles that
rupture, leaving painful, bright-red, weepy lesions. The lesions become
lichenified from chronic itching and can persist for months. Fissures form
that can be secondarily infected with bacteria
- ANSWER Medications= topical steroids and emollients are 1st line
treatment. Mild disease: hydrocortisone 2.5% (low-potency, group 5).
Moderate disease: triamcinolone acetonide (medium potency, group 4).
Facial skin, skin folds are at higher risk for skin atrophy. Use
hydrocortisone 1% (low potency, group7).
o - ANSWER Tinea versicolor
- ANSWER Superficial skin infection caused by yeasts pityrosporum
- ANSWER Classic case: complains of multiple hypopidmented round
macules on the chest, shoulders, and back that appear after skin becomes
tan from sun exposure; asymptomatic.
- ANSWER Labs potassium hydroxide (KOH) slide: hyphae and spores
(spaghetti and meatballs)
- ANSWER Medications= topical selenium sulfide and topical azole
antifunguals such as ketoconazole (Nizoral), terbinafine (Lamisil) cream
BID x 2 weeks. Spots may take several months to disappear
o - ANSWER Candidiasis
- ANSWER Superficial skin infection from the yeast candida albicans.
- ANSWER Classic case: an obese adult complains of bright-red and
shiny lesions that itch or burn, located on the intertriginous areas ( under
the breast in females, axillae, abdomen, groin, the web spaces between the
toes). The rash may have satellite lesions (small red rashes around the
main rash)
- ANSWER Thrush= complains of severe sore throat with white adherent
plaques with a red base that a