CJ 230 test 1 chapter 1 questions and answers

civil liability - person's degree of risk of being sued; any person acting under the authority of law who violates another person's constitutional rights can be sued

community policing - philosophy that the police must work with the community through partnerships and problem solving to address the problems of crime and disorder; a belief that by working together, the police and the community can accomplish what neither can accomplish alone

crime - act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or even death; crimes and their penalties are established by state and federal statutes and local ordinances

crime mapping - focuses on the location of crimes -- the hot spots where most crimes occur -- rather than the criminal

criminal intent - performing an unlawful act on purpose, knowing the act to be illegal

criminal investigation - the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible

criminalist - a person who searches for, collects and preserves physical evidence in the investigations of crime and suspected criminals

criminalistics - specialists trained in recording, identifying and interpreting the minute details of physical evidence

criminal statute - legislative act relating to crime and it's punishment

culturally adroit - skilled in interacting across gender, ethnic, generational, social and political group liens

data mining - process that uses powerful analytical tool to quickly and thoroughly explore mountains of data to discover new patterns or confirm suspected patters or trends

deductive reasoning - a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts; a reconstructive process based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offense

elements of a crime - specific conditions that must occur for an act to be called a specific kind of crime

exculpatory evidence - evidence favorable to the accused that would clear the accused of blame; for ex, having a blood type different from that found at a homicide

felony - serious crime such as homicide, aggravated assault or robbery; generally punishable by death or imprisonment of more than one year in a penitentiary

forensic science - application of the physical sciences and their technology to examining physical evidence of crimes; includes criminalistics

hot spots - geographic areas with a higher incidence rate of criminal activity

inductive reasoning - going from the generalization and establishing it by gathering specific facts

intuition - a "sudden knowing" without any conscious reasoning or apparent logic; based on knowledge and experience or what is commonly called street sense; a "gut feeling" developed by experience

leads - avenues bearing clues or potential sources of information relevant to solving a crime