TEST BANK GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY, 14TH EDITION

TEST BANK GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY, 14TH EDITION
A 2-year-old boy swallows a penny. The boy's mother checks his stool for several days, but the penny does not appear. Meanwhile, the boy has lost his appetite and seems to have difficulty eating. When a foreign object is swallowed, it often lodges at which portion of the gut?
A. Anus B. Duodenum C. Ileocecal sphincter D. Lower esophageal sphincter E. Pharynx F. Pyloric sphincter G. Rectum - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Lower esophageal sphincter
A 22-year-old man is fed intravenously for several weeks following a severe automobile accident. The intravenous feeding leads to atrophy of the gastrointestinal mucosa most likely because the blood level of which of the following hormones is reduced?
A. Cholecystokinin only B. Gastrin only C. Secretin only D. Gastrin and cholecystokinin E. Gastrin and secretin F. Secretin and cholecystokinin - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Gastrin only
A 23-year-old man consumes a meal containing a large amount of fat. At which of the following locations are bile salts most likely to be absorbed?
A. A B. B C. C D. D - CORRECT ANSWER-D. D
A 24-year-old male graduate student participates in a clinical research study on intestinal motility. Peristalsis of the small intestine A. Involves contraction of smooth muscle behind the food bolus and relaxation of smooth muscle in front of the bolus B. Mixes the food bolus C. Is coordinated by the central nervous system (CNS)
D. Involves contraction of smooth muscle behind and in front of the food bolus E. Involves relaxation of smooth muscle simultaneously throughout the small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Involves contraction of smooth muscle behind the food bolus and relaxation of smooth
A 24-year-old marine visits a physician because of nausea, abdominal pain, and type 7 stools. The marine had waded through rivers during combat missions that contained raw sewage from the local population. The physician administers a proton pump inhibitor and several antibiotics, and within a few weeks, all the symptoms go away. Which of the following best describes the condition for which the marine was treated? A. Excessive alcohol consumption B. Helicobacter pylori infection C. Posttraumatic stress syndrome D. Psychogenic diarrhea E. Ulcerative colitis
(This was on there twice) - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Helicobacter pylori infection
A 24-year-old woman drinks one cup of decaffeinated coffee with no sugar or cream. Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is most likely to be elevated before entry of coffee into the duodenum?
A. Cholecystokinin B. Gastrin C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide D. Motilin E. Secretin - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Gastrin
A 28-year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal mucosa?
A. Cholecystokinin B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide C. Gastrin D. Motilin E. Secretin - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
A 36-year-old woman sustains severe damage to the conus medullaris in an automobile accident. Defecation requires the use of enemas. Which of the following does not occur in this woman?
A. Contraction of rectum B. Contraction of sigmoid colon C. Contraction of external anal sphincter D. Contraction of descending colon E. Relaxation of internal anal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER-C. Contraction of external anal sphincter
A 40-year-old man is participating in a clinical study on glucose clearance from the blood. He receives 25 grams of oral glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is completely cleared from the blood. He then receives 25 grams of intravenous glucose; 1 hour later, the glucose load is not cleared completely from the blood. This difference in glucose clearance following oral and intravenous administration can be attributed to the actions of which of the following hormones?
A. Cholecystokinin B. Gastrin C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide D. Motilin E. Secretin - CORRECT ANSWER-C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
A 40-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician complaining of severe, episodic abdominal pain that is particularly intense after she ingests fatty meals. An imaging procedure reveals that her gallbladder is acutely dilated, and a diagnosis of cholelithiasis is made. A gallstone lodged in which location will also increase her risk of pancreatitis?
A. Left hepatic duct B. Right hepatic duct C. Cystic duct D. Common bile duct E. Sphincter of Oddi - CORRECT ANSWER-E. Sphincter of Oddi
A 42-year-old man visits his physician because of frequent heartburn and difficulty sleeping.
Blood pressure is 122/71 mm Hg, heart rate is 78 beats/min, and body mass index is 21 kg/m2 (reference range, 19-25 kg/m2). Physical examination is unremarkable. The physician administers a histamine H2 antagonist. The biologic action of which of the following substances is decreased following the administration of the histamine antagonist?
A. Acetylcholine and gastrin only B. Acetylcholine only C. Gastrin and histamine only D. Gastrin only E. Histamine only F. Histamine, acetylcholine, and histamine only - CORRECT ANSWER-F. Histamine, acetylcholine, and histamine only
A 43-year-old medical student suffers severe damage to the conus medullaris in an accident. He initiates defecation by inserting a balloon-tipped Foley catheter into his rectum and inflating the balloon with a 50 mL syringe. Which reflex is stimulated by the balloon in this patient?
A. Duodenocolic reflex B. Enterogastric reflex C. Ileocecal reflex D. Intrinsic defecation reflex E. Spinal cord reflex - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Intrinsic defecation reflex
A 44-year-old man has his spinal cord severed at T1 in an automobile accident that leaves him paraplegic. Chronic constipation becomes a problem. His physician advises him to distend the rectum digitally on a regular schedule to initiate the defecation reflex. Rectal distention causes which of the following in this patient?
A. A deep breath B. Closure of the glottis C. Contraction of external anal sphincter D. Contraction of internal anal sphincter E. Increased abdominal pressure F. Increased peristaltic waves - CORRECT ANSWER-F. Increased peristaltic waves
A 44-year-old man underwent a cholecystectomy 9 years ago. At that time, the liver was normal, but an enlarged pancreatic head was identified. Three years ago, he was admitted for upper
gastrointestinal