2024 RN HESI Med Surg Hematological System Exam New
Latest Version with All 55 Questions, 100% Correct
Answers and Rationale
Question 1: A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of
gastrointestinal bleeding.
The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low
hemoglobin level?
A. Low level of hepcidin.
B. Increase in iron-binding capacity.
C. Decrease in intestinal absorption of iron.
D. Decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.
Show correct answer and explanation
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
A low level of hepcidin would not cause a decrease in hemoglobin levels.
Hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis by inhibiting the absorption of iron from the
intestines and promoting its storage in cells.
Choice B rationale:
An increase in iron-binding capacity typically occurs in conditions like iron
deficiency anemia, where the body tries to increase its capacity to transport iron.
This would not cause a low hemoglobin level in an otherwise healthy individual.
Choice C rationale:
Aging often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of nutrient absorption, including
iron. This decrease in intestinal absorption of iron can result in low hemoglobin
levels in elderly individuals. It's a common cause of anemia in the elderly
population.
Choice D rationale:
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the
production of red blood cells. A decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the
kidneys would lead to anemia, but it is not a typical effect of aging and is usually
associated with kidney disease.
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