mesocortical pathway - executive function: attention, focus, depression
nigrostriatal pathway - from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles): Parkinson's
mesolimbic pathway - projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure, reward, positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling
Tuberoinfundibular pathway - regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality in mania
Dopamine - produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important. Elevated in the mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics block dopamine. travels through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular pathways
Serotonin - 5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A receptors = atypical antipsychotics.
Norepinephrine - produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance
GABA - inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines.
ACTH - motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance. Decrease in Alzheimer's disease
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with stress and depression
hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) - TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes depression, weight gain, slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite.
hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) - GnRH, FSH, LH. Malfunctions cause infertility problems.
gray matter - neurons are found
frontal lobe - executive function, voluntary movement, speech (Broca's area)
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