Explain one way in which care in hospitals in the years c1250-c1500 was different from care in hospitals in the years c1700-c1900.
(4 MARKS) - • In the years c1250-c1500 care in hospitals was carried out by untrained monks and nuns whereas in the years c1700-c1900, care in hospitals was carried out by trained doctors, supported by nurses who began to be trained according to Florence Nightingale's methods.
• In the years c1250-c1500 hospitals simply offered care and treatment for minor illnesses based on treatments such as herbal remedies; in the years c1700-c1900 hospitals attempted to treat a wider range of illnesses and included surgical operations.
Explain why there was progress in the prevention of illness in the years c1700-present.
You may use the following in your answer:
• Public Health Act 1875
• healthy lifestyle campaigns
You must also use information of your own
(12 MARKS) - Following the success of Jenner's work, the government passed laws making vaccination against smallpox compulsory in 1852 and enforcing this in 1872.
• After John Snow's work and Pasteur's germ theory, the 1875 Public Health Act made it compulsory for local councils to provide clean water and remove sewage, reducing the spread of water-borne diseases such as cholera.
• The government began to take more responsibility for public health and provided isolation hospitals during the 1920s to help prevent the spread of tuberculosis.
• As more vaccinations became available, the government-funded campaigns to vaccinate children, which helped to prevent diseases such as diphtheria, measles, mumps, etc.
• Campaigns such as '5 a day' encouraged people to develop a healthy lifestyle and make people more resistant to disease.
• Governments have taxed tobacco heavily to try to reduce cases of lung cancer.
'There was little progress in understanding the cause of disease in the years
c1250-c1700.'
How far do you agree? Explain your answer.
You may use the following in your answer:
• the Great Plague in London, 1665
• Thomas Sydenham
You must also use information of your own.
(16 MARKS) - Relevant point that support the statement may include
• Belief in religious causes of illness were still predominant by 1665, shown in the continuing idea of fasting and prayer as prevention against the plague
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