How effective is Congress at fulfilling its constitutional function? - 1. Representation fulfilled effectively through the use of the HoR.
- Number of HoR per state is proportional to the population and they are elected every two years, so consistently in line with the population's desires.
- However, the Senate is not proportional, thus is not representative of the US electorate.
- There are 2 senators per state and 1/3 is up for election every 6 years.
2. The legislative function is fulfilled effectively through the use of quality policy.
- Clean Air Bill underwent quality policy showing more consideration and allowing for amendments to be made.
- However, there are high levels of partisanship which leads to gridlock because of the unwillingness to cooperate.
- 1972 senate was controlled by the democrats but the HoR was controlled by the Republicans causing the legislative process to be lengthened.
3. The oversight function is fulfilled effectively through the use of checks and balances which holds the president to account.
- March 2017 Trump was not able to pass the American Healthcare Act despite holding a republican majority in both chambers.
- However, in urgent crisis' where decisions need to be quickly made oversight is impossible.
- The CARES Act 2020 was passed the next day due to pressures from the public and the presence of a national crisis.
How effective is Congress at fulfilling representation? - 1. The use of frequent elections in the HoR enhances representation.
- Every 2 years and number per state is proportional to the population. Occur during the midterms as well as the presidential elections.
- However, the Senate are elected every 6 years at a disproportionate rate and only 1/3 each time. 2 senators per state.
- California has a population of 39.5 million so are underrepresented whilst Alaska has a population of 731,000 so are overrepresented.
2. Members of Congress are constitutionally obliged to stay in the state they represent, ensuring they are constantly aware of the issues their constituents raise.
- Article 1 Section 2: Members must be inhabitants of their state.
- However, the high partisanship takes away from voting in line with the constituent in favour of the party.
- Trustee model opposed to the delegates model
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