ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PROCTOR REVIEW 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
Describe the terms anatomy and physiology. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Anatomy: deals with the form and structure of the body
and its parts; what things look like and where they are located
Physiology: deals with the functions of the body and its parts; how
things work and what they do
Differentiate between microscopic and macroscopic anatomy. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Microscopic anatomy: deals with structures
so small we need a microscope to see them clearly, such as cells
and tissues.
Macroscopic anatomy (gross anatomy): deals with body parts
large enough to be seen with the unaided eye, such as organs,
muscles, and bones.
Differentiate between the study of regional anatomy and the study
of systemic anatomy. - CORRECT ANSWER-Regional anatomy:
all the components of each region of the body are examined;
includes all the cells, tissues, blood vessels, nerves, muscles,
organs, and bones present in a region.
Systemic anatomy: examines each system of the body as a
separate topic.
Describe the four anatomic planes of reference. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Sagittal plane: divides the body into left and right parts
that are not necessarily equal
Median plane: divides the body into equal left and right halves
Transverse plane: divides the body into cranial and caudal parts
Dorsal plane: divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
List and describe the anatomic terms of direction. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Left: the animal's left
Right: the animal's right
Cranial: toward the head; also the "front" surface of a limb
proximal to the carpus or tarsus
Caudal: toward the tail; also the "back" surface of a limb proximal
to the carpus or tarsus
Rostral: toward the tip of the nose (used only on the head)
Dorsal: toward the top (backbone) surface of the body; also the
top/front surface of a limb distal to the carpus or tarsus
Ventral: toward the bottom (belly) surface fo the body
Medial: toward the median plane
Lateral: away from the median plane
Deep: toward the center of the body or a body part
Superficial: toward the surface of the body or a body part
Proximal: toward the body (used for appendages)
Distal: away from the body (used for appendages)
Palmar: ground/back surface of front limb distal to the carpus
Plantar: ground/back surface of hindlimb distal to the tarsus
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