2022/2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI RN EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

2022/2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI RN EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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1. What is TPA? What are at least 2 conditions where you might see it given
as a medication? Why would we not give it? tPA: clot busting agent used
to reduce the effects of CVA (stroke) in some individuals. It is
contraindicated for anticoagulant drugs.
The release of tissue plasminogen (tPA) from injured blood vessels and
tissues, converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin is a potent enzyme
that digests fibrin strands (this leads to clot dissolution).
2. Know the triad that would lead you to conclude your patient is
experiencing cardiac tamponade
Fluid compresses the heart, prevents stretching & filling, reduces CO
Arterial pressure falls, venous pressures rise, pulse pressure narrows
Beck’s Triad: Distant, muffled heart sounds (like under water, fluid),
JVD, decreased BP
=EMERGENCY
pericardiocentesis with surgical repair as appropriate is needed (16-18
gauge needle inserted into pericardial space to relieve pressure and
analyze fluid)
Manifestations include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of
breath, tachycardia, cough, dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness, nausea,
vomiting, excessive perspiration, decreased level of consciousness,
pulses paradoxes, distant or muted heart sounds, and extreme anxiety,
neck vein distension