RCIS 3 6

What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?

T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.

How does adenosine work?

T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.

Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?

What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?

Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?

What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?

What two antibiotics are usually on the test?

What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?

What is a normal PT/PTT?

What is a normal INR?

How much heparin do you give during a PCI?

What is a normal potassium level?

What are the top 3 complications from a cath?

The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.

T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.

You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.

Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?

Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?

T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.

What is the safest view for the patient?

Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.

T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.

T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.

T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.

If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?

Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?

What is isocenter?

T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.

T/F Collimating decreases scatter?

T/F Collimating improves image quality?

T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.

T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.

T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.

T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.

T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.

%1 Oefenvragen over Cath Lab Medicatie en Procedures %2%3 Deze set van oefenvragen is ontworpen om je kennis over medicatie en procedures in de cath lab te testen. De vragen behandelen een breed scala aan onderwerpen, waaronder het gebruik van lidocaïne, de werking van verschillende medicijnen, en technische aspecten van de cath lab procedures. %4Q1: Besides numbing the skin, where else can you use lidocaine in the cath lab?A1: Ventricular arrhythmias. It works on the Purkinje fibers by decreasing the flow of electricity to the Purkinje fibers. This decreased sensitivity lowers the number of extra beats that are able to get through.Q2: Where does atropine act in the heart?A2: On the SA node. The vagus nerve controls the SA node, and atropine works directly on the vagus nerve so atropine indirectly controls the heart.Q3: Bearing down stimulates?A3: The vagus nerve. Heart rate will go down.Q4: Does Amiodarone (Cordarone) work in the ventricles, the atria, or both?A4: Both. KNOW THIS. It will likely appear on the test.Q5: Does Amiodarone slow or speed up the heart?A5: Slows the heart rate.Q6: How does Amiodarone work?A6: It is a K+ blocker.Q7: How do calcium channel blockers work?A7: It blocks the calcium channels in the conduction process. It slows the movement of calcium across the KCa channels and keeps cardiac muscle fibers and arteries more dilated reducing pressure.Q8: What are some calcium channel blockers?A8: Pine meds Verapamil/Isoptin, Cardizem/Diltiazem, amlodipine/Norvasc, nifedipine/procardia.Q9: What are the 3 doses of dopamine and what do they do?A9: 1st dose: Low dose 1-5mcg/kg/min - renal dose only goes to the kidneys and only dilates those vessels. Slows the flow of blood through the kidneys. Improve urine output. Given to brittle diabetic to help purge contrast quicker.2nd dose: 5-10mcg/kg/min - benefit to the kidneys is lost. Urine output goes down. This dosage goes to the heart and raises the heart rate.3rd dose: > 10mcg/kg/min - raises BP; increases heart rate urine output almost stops.Q10: T/F Adenosine is contraindicated for someone in heart block.A10: True.Q11: How does adenosine work?A11: It slows electrical impulses. It affects both calcium and K+ in the conduction system. It is very effective at slowing the heart.Q12: T/F adenosine works to slow electrical impulses in the SA and Purkinje fibers.A12: True. Very effective at slowing the heart.Q13: Which drugs are benzodiazepines used in the cath lab?A13: Versed/midazolam, Valium/diazepam.Q14: What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?A14: Romazicon/flumazenil.Q15: Which drugs are opiates used in the cath lab?A15: Fentanyl/Sublimaze.Q16: What is the reversal agent for opiates used in the cath lab?A16: Narcan/Naloxone.Q17: What two antibiotics are usually on the test?A17: Vancomycin -- Broad spectrum, Ancef -- narrow spectrum. These drugs work by preventing bacteria from building a cell wall.Q18: What do you want the ACT to be during a PCI?A18: Greater than 250, ideally 250-300.Q19: What is a normal PT/PTT?A19: 11-16 seconds.Q20: What is a normal INR?A20: 0.8-1.2 seconds.Q21: How much heparin do you give during a PCI?A21: 50-70 units per kg.Q22: What is a normal potassium level?A22: 3.5-5.Q23: What are the top 3 complications from a cath?A23: Heart attack, dissection, and stroke.Q24: The risk of stroke _______ the longer the procedure goes on.A24: Increases.Q25: T/F The number of equipment changes has no bearing on stroke complications.A25: False. The more equipment changes the more likely a patient is to have a stroke.Q26: You should always cannulate _______ the bifurcation.A26: Above.Q27: Does the cathode have a positive or negative charge?A27: Negative.Q28: Does the anode have a positive or negative charge?A28: Positive.Q29: T/F The more tissues that radiation must go through, the larger the patient dose.A29: True.Q30: What is the safest view for the patient?A30: AP. The further you get from AP the higher the radiation dose.Q31: Using a collimator _________ the radiation dose to the patient.A31: Lowers. Collimating decreases the size of the x-ray beam prior to having it arrive to the patient.Q32: T/F Zooming an image decreases the radiation dose to the patient.A32: False. Zooming increases the patient radiation dose.Q33: T/F It is safer to collimate than to zoom an image.A33: True. Zoom uses more radiation.Q34: T/F Tissue burns are more likely with collagen vascular diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and arthritis.A34: True. The cell wall is thicker with collagen vascular diseases.Q35: If you have 2 patients, one with a BMI of 20 and the other with a BMI of 30:1. Which patient will generate more scatter?2. Which patient will give you an image with less contrast (grey colors)?A35: 1. The patient with a BMI of 30 will generate more scatter.2. The patient with a BMI of 30 will have less radiation being absorbed and will be less able to interact with the film.Q36: Two patients, same BMI:Patient #1 Image LAO 60, cranial 30Patient #2 image from LAO 301. Which view results in more x-ray absorption to the patient?2. Which image will give more scatter?3. Which image will have the clearer detail?A36: 1. #1 The furthest from AP.2. #1 More tissues to permeate, more scatter, less radiation to make the picture.3. #2. Further from AP, the less detail because more tissues to interact with. #2 because it’s closer to AP.Q37: What is isocenter?A37: The height we put the table at to minimize panning. This reduces the amount of radiation to the patient.Q38: T/F Collimating reduces the skin dose.A38: True.Q39: T/F Collimating decreases scatter?A39: True.Q40: T/F Collimating improves image quality?A40: True.Q41: T/F 0.5mm of lead equivalent protection provides approximately 95% shielding from x-ray scatter.A41: True.Q42: T/F Collar badges give a good measurement of eye exposure.A42: True.Q43: T/F Dose is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from the x-ray beam.A43: True.Q44: T/F As x-ray passes through a person there is less available to the deeper tissues.A44: True.Q45: T/F An object can be delineated in an image only if the x-ray absorbance is sufficiently different from that of its surrounding structures to produce different exit beam intensity.A45: True.