PART 2: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR OPTOMETRY

The earliest change noticed in hypertensive retinopathy is
A. Arteriolar spasm
B. Soft exudate
C. Venospasm
D. Hard exudate

Visual acuity (near and distance) is an assessment of central vision as per
A. optic nerve head
B. periphery of retina
C. macula
D. fundus

The following are methods of assessing visual field EXCEPT
A. automatic perimetry
B. visual field analyser
C. automated perimetry
D. manual perimetry

In performing comprehensive assessment of patient using the nursing process approach, the nurse uses
A. Orem’s self-care model
B. Roy’s adaptation model
C. Gordon’s 11functional typology
D. NANDA’s taxonomy

Heat application to the eye is indicated in the following EXCEPT to
A. relief pain
B. increase drug absorption
C. produce anaesthesia
D. increase blood supply and aid healing

An instrument used to examine the angle structures of the eye is
A. cornea loupe
B. minus lens
C. gonio lens
D. microscope

Manual dexterity as one of the qualities of an ophthalmic nurse means
A. intelligent and knowledgeable
B. skillful and capable
C. dedicated and practical
D. dutiful and diligent

Clinical Examination of the eye is usually performed by
A. diffuse illumination
B. focal illumination
C. co-axial illumination
D. all of the above

Schirmer’s test is to determine
A. meibomian secretions
B. Zeiss secretions
C. tear production
D. sweat production

Irrigation of the eye is indicated in
A. post operative care of trabeculectomy
B. purulent discharge
C. subconjunctival haemorrhage
D. aphakia

Assessment in the nursing process comprises of the following order
A. problem list, nursing diagnosis, data collection, and data organization
B. data collection, data organization, problem list, and nursing diagnosis
C. data organization, data collection, problem list and nursing diagnosis
D. data collection, data organization, nursing diagnosis and problem list

A painter has accidently spilled strong “white wash” into his eye, the correct treatment to save the cornea is.
A. Copious irrigation with water
B. Copious irrigation with acid
C. Instillation of disodium EDTA.
D. Instillation of homatropine.

The Eye is normally protected after surgery by the use of
A. Cotton Swab
B. Eye pad
C. Cartella Shield
D. Spectacle

Retinoscope is clinically used to visualize the
A. peripheral part of the retina
B. whole retina
C. detecting errors of refraction
D. all of the above

For a new born baby with squint, surgery should be done at
A. Immediately
B. 10-12 years
C. 18-21 years
D. 3-4 years

Normal Intraocular Pressure is Between
A. 5 -10mmHg
B. 8-18mmHg
C. 10-21mmHg
D. 15-30mmHg

The following are complications of hyphaema EXCEPT
A. secondary bleeding
B. secondary glaucoma
C. uveitis
D. redness

Clinical features to identify a bacterial conjunctivitis is through the following EXCEPT
A. discharges
B. injection
C. Chemosis
D. nystagmus

The fundamental goal of any research study is to
A. demonstrate array of data
B. survey an identified problem
C. proffer solution to identified problem
D. analyse data of identified problem

In research, any object or characteristic that is amendable to change and can take on different value at any given time depending on the prevailing condition is called
A. element
B. population
C. Sample
D. Variable

The followings are variable EXCEPT
A. age
B. height
C. sex
D. weight

Descriptive research is subdivided into the under listed except
A. case study
B. correlation study
C. survey research
D. field experimental research

Developmental research deals with study patterns and sequences of growth of variables or situations which comprises of
A. longitudinal and cross-sectional study
B. laboratory experimental and field experimental research
C. historical and descriptive research
D. basic and experimental research

In problem definition in research, it should be clearly defined for investigation as it contains the followings EXCEPT
A. it must be of interest to the researcher and the reader
B. it must be sufficiently original
C. it must researchable
D. it must not be feasible

Processed and analysed data can be presented in any of the following form EXCEPT
A. tabulation and use of figures
B. graphs and pie charts
C. bar and histogram charts
D. questionnaire and interview

The plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research question and central variance is known as
A. research methodology
B. research design
C. research hypotheses
D. research variables

Ethics in research like in other fields of study is the moral justification and duties the researcher must demonstrate
A. objectivity, integrity and confidentiality
B. non-maleficence and beneficence, justice and fairness
C. knowledge, wisdom, understanding and carefulness
D. free informed consent, right to privacy and dignity

The process of arriving at dependable solutions to problems through planned and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data is called
A. variable
B. research
C. instrument
D. Solution

Ophthalmia neonatorum infection is caused by these microorganisms EXCEPT
A. streptococci
B. salmonella
C. Chlamydia
D. gonococcus

The earliest change noticed in hypertensive retinopathy is
A. Arteriolar spasm
B. Soft exudate
C. Venospasm
D. Hard exudate

All the under listed are serological procedures EXCEPT
A. VDRL
B. Immunization
C. HIV screening
D. M/C/S

The causative organism of trachoma is

A. wucecheria bancrofti
B. Chlamydia trachomatis
C. mycobacterium tubercle
D. escherichia coli

Morphologically, the cocci family of bacteria are
A. spear-shaped
B. round-shaped
C. spiral-shaped
D. all of the above

Staining of bacteria to identify its type using the Getian violet stain, if it stains blue it is
A. gram positive
B. gram negative
C. both gram positive and negative
D. none of the above

Distichiasis is

A. Misdirected eyelashes
B. Accessory row of eyelashes
C. Downward drooping of upper lid
D. Outward protrusion of lower lid

Which of the following is not a characteristic of chronic open angle glaucoma;

A. raised intra ocular pressure
B. sudden loss of vision associated with excruciating pain
C. slow progressive loss of visual acuity
D. slow erosion of the visual field

The following are considered in the differential diagnosis of an inflamed red eye except

A. dacryocystitis
B. acute iritis
C. acute conjunctivitis
D. keratitis

In Nigeria the leading cause of blindness is

A. keratitis
B. optic hypertrophy
C. cataracts
D. retinal detachment

The color of fluorescein staining in corneal ulcer is:

A. Yellow
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Royal blue

the condition which is first unilateral but soon becomes bilateral is;

A. Orbital cellulitis
B. Panophthalmitis
C. Carveenous sinus thrombosis
D. All of the above

Semilunar fold of skin situated above and sometimes and sometimes covering the inner canthus is known as

A. Coloboma of the lid
B. Cryptophthalmos
C. Epicanthus
D. Microblepharon

The tear film has:

A. Mucus layer
B. Aqeous layer
C. Lipid layer
D. All of the above

A fleshy bay situated at the nasal side of the inner canthus is
a. Caruncle
b. Punctum
c. Plica – semilunaris
d. Lacus lacrimalis

The colour of fluorescein staining in corneal ulcer is
A. Yellow
B. Blue
C. royal
D. green

In visual acuity assessment, the eye is assessed
A. Together
B. One eye at a time
C. No occlusion of eye is needful
D. None of the above

Schiotz tonometer operate on the principle of
A. Flattening
B. Indentation
C. gravity
D. upthrust

Maslow’s hierarchy of human need is divided
A. 4 steps
B. 6 steps
C. 8 steps
D. 9 steps

Ocular pressure can be assessed by the following methods except
A. applanation
B. Schiotz
C. optical coherence tomography(OCT)
D. digital estimation

The ideal size of eye pad is
A. 2 mm
B. 2 inches
C. 2 feet
D. 2 cm

Which of the following dressing material is best for cleaning the eye
A. eye pad
B. lint swab
C. cotton swab
D. gauze swab

Ophthalmic instrument sterilization is best carried out by
A. hot air oven
B. antiseptic lotion
C. boiling
D. all of the above

Schrimer’s test is to determine
A. meibomian secretions
B. Zeiss secretions
C. tear production
D. sweat production

Assessment comprises of the following order
A. problem list, nursing diagnosis, data collection, and data organization
B. data collection, data organization, problem list, and nursing diagnosis
C. data organization, data collection, problem list and nursing diagnosis
D. data collection, data organization, nursing diagnosis and problem list

Which of the following should the ophthalmic nurse do for a patient that cannot read from a distance of 1 meter
A. LP, HM, CF
B. HM, LP, CF
C. HM, CF, LP
D. CF, HM, LP

Which characteristic of the nursing process addresses the individualized care a client must receive
A. effective
B. efficient
C. humanistic
D. organized and systematic

The purpose of planning in nursing is to
A. priortise problems
B. promote client care
C. write nursing orders
D. develop individual care plan with desired outcome

In research, any object or characteristic that is amendable to change and can take on different values at any given time depending on the prevailing condition is called
A. element
B. population
C. sample
D. variable

Descriptive research is subdivided into the underlisted except
A. case study
B. correlation study
C. survey research
D. field experimental research

The eye ball is a neural growth from the
A. Optic stalk
B. Neural ectoderm
C. Surface ectoderm
D. Neural plate

The eyeball is studied under
a. physiology
b. neurology
c. anatomy
d. embryology

The eyeball is a cystic ablate structure made up of
a. 4 layers
b. 3 layers
c. 2 layers
d. 1 layer

Community mobilization is about
a. Sensitizing, informing and enabling people
b. Encouraging, influencing and arousing interest of people
c. Supervising, instructing and educating people
d. Changing, enforcing and compelling people

Information, education and communication (IEC) is relevant in eye health except
a. Enhances learning and participation
b. Engages clients attention and interest
c. Enforces health behaviours and habits
d. Enhances remembrance and recall

One of the followings is the order of conducting health education
a. Assessment, analysis, planning, evaluation and implementation
b. Planning, assessment, analysis, implementation and evaluation
c. Assessment, planning, analysis, implementation and evaluation
d. Assessment, analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation

Quality care in nursing means all the followings except
a. Professional performance
b. Efficient use of resources
c. Professional ethics
d. Patient satisfaction

The followings are the common problems that affect the quality of care
a. Health worker skills
b. Health system issues
c. Community and family practices
d. Provider’s barriers

The followings are management functions except
a. Planning and organizing
b. Staffing and coordinating
c. Controlling and discipline
d. Directing and budgeting

One deciliter (100 ml) of blood with 15 grams of haemoglobin can carry how much oxygen?
a. 7.5 ml of oxygen
b. 15 ml of oxygen
c. 20 ml of oxygen
d. 30 ml of oxygen

Insulin secretion is mainly controlled by
A. blood lipid level
B. hypothalamic mechanism
C. HCL in stomach
D. glucose level in blood

When carrying out a lacrimal washout, the puncta are situated towards the
A. Superior canthus
B. External canthus
C. Lateral canthus
D. Medial canthus

To avoid retrolental fibroplasia (retinitis of prematurity[ROP]) in the newborn, the incubator oxygen concentration should NOT exceed
A. 20 %
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%

A child at 4 months will
A. Rotate the eye towards the direction of light
B. Recognized bright light
C. Recognized the mother’s face
D. Recognized the face of close associates

Which of these ocular burns should be considered serious no matter how trivial it is
A. Acid burns
B. Alkali burns
C. Thermal burns
D. Welder’s arch burns

Heat application is contraindicated in
A. Orbital cellulitis
B. Acute glaucoma
C. Purulent conjunctivitis
D. Cornea ulcer

The following are precautions to take during application of heat to the eye EXCEPT
A. Protect the patient from burns
B. Instil the prescribed drug to the eye during the application of heat
C. Avoid spilling hot water or burning patient with heater
D. Advise patient to close the eye during the application of heat

Which of the following will occur if the body come in contact with the metal surface of the table while using the diathermy?
A. Fall in the blood pressure
B. Poor response to anaesthetic drug
C. Skin electric burns
D. Hypothermia

A procedure in which an open tube is implanted in the anterior chamber to shunt aqueous humour to the episcleral plate in the conjuctival space is called
A. Trabeculectomy
B. Filtering procedure
C. Drainage implants surgery
D. Enucleation.

………………………… can be used to produce sterility state in hands and arms
A. Disinfectants
B. Chlorine
C. Antiseptic
D. All of the above

.………………………… is refer to the use of antimicrobial agents to inhibit or slow down the growth of bacteria
A. Bacteriocidal
B. Antibiotics
C. Bacteriostatic
D. None of the above

…………………….. is refer to the use of antimicrobial agents to kill bacteria
A. Disinfectant
B. Bacteriostatic
C. Bacteriocidal
D. All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a protozoan ?
A. Malaria parasite
B. Earhworm
C. Flies
D. All of the above

In microbial ecology, non-symbiotic interactions includes the following except:
A. Commensalism
B. Synergism
C. Antagonism
D. None of the above

The orderly arrangement of organism into groups in a format showing evolutionary relationship.
A. Identification
B. Taxonomy
C. Classification
D. Nomenclature

Cross infection can be caused by the following except ?
A. Practice of aseptic techniques
B. Use of unsterilized medical equipment
C. Through contact
D. Pathogens from coughing and sneezing

What is the best physical method of sterilization used to sterilize the mouth of bottles, flask, culture tubes and glass slides
A. Dry heat
B. Hot air oven
C. Flaming
D. Radiation

The relationship between remora and shark is called?
A. Parasitism
B. Predation
C. Commensalim
D. Mutualism

The relationship between lactic acid bacteria and candida albican is called?
A. Mutualism
B. Synergism
C. Antagonism
D. Parasitism

.……………………………… was best known for his contribution to the debunking of the theory of spontaneous generation
A. Edward jenner
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Lazzaro spallanzani
D. Robert Koch

The normal visual acuity is from
A. 6/6 – 6/18
B. 6/6 – 6/9
C. 6/6 – 6/24
D. 6/6 – 3/60

In visual acuity assessment, if vision improves after use of pinhole the patient is having a refractive error of
A. myopia
B. presbyopia
C. hypermetropia
D. astigmatism

Visual acuity is a clinical assessment of vision as per
A. macula
B. optic disc
C. fovea centralis
D. ora serrata

Visual acuity in a patient with cataract usually improves in the
A. bright light
B. dark
C. foggy
D. poorly lit room