PART 1: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ambulatory cataract surgery may be performed in the following places EXCEPT
A. A hospital based facility.
B. Office treatment rooms.
C. Free standing surgery centres.
D. Hospital emergency operating rooms.

Which of these is an ocular adnexa
A. Pigment epithelium
B. Eye lids
C. Iris
D. Retina

The Rods as photoreceptors are useful for vision in the
A. Day
B. Dark
C. Sunshine
D. Moonlight

Palpebra conjunctiva lining the lids is divided into the followings EXCEPT
A. Marginal
B. Fornix
C. Tarsal
D. Orbital

Bulbar conjunctiva at the limbus is a fusion of Tenon’s capsule and episcleral tissue forming a dense, adherent and strong junction called
A. Surgical junction
B. Corneo-scleral junction
C. Episcleral junction
D. Sclero-choroidal junction

The Rods numerically are about
A. 6 million
B. 22 million
C. 12 million
D. 120 million

The Corneo-scleral junction is of importance
A. Medically
B. Refraction
C. Surgically
D. In eye Examination

The Uveal tract comprises of
A. Iris, ciliary body and retina
B. Ciliary body, conjunctiva and choroid
C. Iris, ciliary body and choroid
D. Choroid, ciliary body and lens

The followings are angle structures EXCEPT
A. Scleral spur
B. Trabecular meshwork
C. Lens
D. Root of iris

The Lens develop from
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Neural ectoderm
D. Surface ectoderm

A new born is invariably
A. Hypermetropic.
B. Myopic.
C. Astigmatic.
D. None of the above.

Follicles of 5mm diameter are typically seen in
A. Pharyngoconjunctival fever
B. Trachoma
C. Drug induced follicular conjunctivitis
D. Ophthalmia neonatorum

Optical power of the lens is measured in
A. Prism
B. Micrometer
C. Diopter
D. Milliliter

The contents of the orbital cavity include the following EXCEPT
A. Optic nerve
B. Eyeball
C. Blood vessels
D. Eyebrows

Prism can be defined as
A. Emergence of light from a surface
B. Optical state of the eye
C. Optical medium with 2 plane surfaces inclined towards each other
D. Refractive light from a surface

The process of allowing a subordinate to perform a management function is known as
A. Abdication of responsibility.
B. Delegation of responsibility.
C. Granting of responsibility.
D. Assumption of responsibility.

The anterio-posterior diameter of an adult eyeball is
A. 15mm
B. 25cm
C. 20mm
D. 25mm

In embryonic development, the outgrowth of the primitive forebrain is called the
A. Optic cup
B. Optic stalk
C. Optic vesicles
D. Optic nerve

Vitreous is attached to the following structures EXCEPT
A. Retina
B. Lens
C. Ciliary epithelium near ora serrate
D. Optic

Anteriorly, the Cornea forms___________ outer fibrous coat.
A. 1/3 of the eyeball
B. 1/4 of the eyeball
C. 1/5 of the eyeball
D. 1/6 of the eyeball

In Near reflex, one of these is not involved
A. Convergence
B. Accommodation
C. Divergence
D. Pupillary constriction

The pH of tears physiologically is
A. 7.0
B. 7.2
C. 7.4
D. 7.6

The nerve supply to the superior rectus muscles is
A. Optic nerve
B. Facial nerve
C. Oculomotor nerve
D. ophthalmic nerve

The microscopic layer of the neural retina is subdivided into
A. 2 layers
B. 7 layers
C. 9 layers
D. 12 layers

The Tears that keep the eye moist during the wakeful hours is by
A. Tear gland
B. Lacrimal gland proper
C. Accessory lacrimal glands of Krausse and Wolfring
D. Glands of Zeiss

The Sclera is thinnest at the point of insertion of the extraocular muscles of about
A. 0.2mm
B. 0.3mm
C. 0.4mm
D. 0.5mm

Retinoblastoma deals with
A. Assumption that have been tested and proved to be true
B. Malignant tumour of retrial photo receptors
C. Destruction of cornea by chemical or thermal burns
D. All of the above

Pinhole can be used to detect a possible:
A. Refractive Error
B. Retinal Detachment
C. Cupping of the Disc
D. Dacryocystitis

Indirect Ophthalmoscopy allows for detailed assessment of:
A. Lens
B. Aqueous
C. Cornea
D. Retina

The largest layer of the cornea tissue is the
A. Anterior epithelium
B. Cornea stroma
C. Bowman’s membrane
D. Dual’s layer

The Venous drainage from the eyeball through the choroid is known as
A. Anterior ciliary veins
B. Posterior cliary veins
C. Vortex veins
D. Central retinal veins

The normal visual acuity of 6/6 is achieved by the age of
A. 2 year
B. 3 years
C. 5 years
D. 7 years

Blindness in a child is most commonly due to
A. Injuries
B. Congenital cataract
C. Keratomalacia
D. Glaucoma

Chemical burns of the eyes are first treated with
A. cleaning the eye
B. application of antibiotics
C. irrigation with clean water copiously
D. syringing the lacrimal system

Visual acuity is done for the following reasons EXCEPT
A. legal reason
B. completeness of ocular assessment
C. employment
D. visa issuance

Distant Visual acuity is assessed at a distance of
A. 6 meters
B. 20 meters
C. 13 meters
D. 15 meters

Contracted socket occurs because of all the following except
A. Irradiation
B. Chronic mechanical irritation
C. Loss of fatty tissue during surgery of enucleation
D. Chronic low grade

Pin-hole improves vision in
A. hypermetropia
B. astigmatism
C. myopia
D. aphakia

Schiotz tonometer operates on the principle of
A. flattening
B. indentation
C. gravity
D. upthrust

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs is currently divided into
A. 4 steps
B. 6 steps
C. 8 steps
D. 9 steps

In problem solving the steps where initiation and completion of action necessary to accomplish defined goals is known as
A. planning stage
B. identification stage
C. implementation stage
D. evaluation

A young man came to the eye clinic with cataract, your objective should aimed at determining his
A. psychological need
B. social need
C. physical need
D. emotional need

The longest extraocular muscle is
A. Superior oblique
B. Inferior oblique
C. Superior rectus
D. Inferior rectus

Capsule the crystalline lens is thinnest at
A. Anterior pole
B. Posterior pole
C. Equator
D. Medial pole

The weight of an adult eyeball is
A. 7 gram
B. 9 gram
C. 11 gram
D. 13 gram

The Corneoscleral junction is of importance
A. Medically
B. Refraction
C. Surgically
D. In eye Examination

The total refractive power of the eye is 60 diopter, while that of Cornea is
A. 10 diopter
B. 40 diopter
C. 43 diopter
D. 53 diopter

The under listed are all extraocular muscles except
A. Inferior rectus
B. Lateral rectus
C. Inferior oblique
D. Lateral oblique

The normal optical state of the eye is called
A. Ammetropia
B. Emmetropia
C. Amblyopia
D. Aphakia

The anterioposterior diameter of an adult eyeball is
A. 15mm
B. 25cm
C. 20mm
D. 25mm

In embryonic development, the outgrowth of the primitive forebrain is called the
A. Optic cup
B. Optic stalk
C. Optic vesicles
D. Optic nerve

The Naso-lacrimal duct opens into the
A. Inferior meatus of the nose
B. Medial canthus
C. Inferior conchae
D. Accessory lacrimal glands

Tears are prevented from fast evaporation by the
A. Laminar layer
B. Lipid layer
C. Mucin layer
D. Aqeous layer

A fleshy bay situated at the nasal side of the inner canthus is
A. Caruncle
B. Punctum
C. Plica – semilunaris
D. Lacus lacrimalis

The largest layer of the cornea tissue is the
A. Anterior epithelium
B. Cornea stroma
C. Bowman’s membrane
D. Dual’s layer

The colour of fluorescein staining in corneal ulcer is
A. Yellow-green
B. Blue
C. Royal Purple
D. Green

In visual acuity assessment, the eye is assessed
A. Together
B. One eye at a time
C. No occlusion of eye is needful
D. None of the above

Ophthalmic instrument sterilization is best carried out by
A. Hot air oven
B. Antiseptic lotion
C. Boiling
D. All of the above

Schrimer’s test is to determine
A. meibomian secretions
B. Zeiss secretions
C. tear production
D. sweat production

Which of the following should the ophthalmic nurse do for a patient that cannot read from a distance of 1 meter
A. LP, HM, CF
B. HM, LP, CF
C. HM, CF, LP
D. CF, HM, LP

Which characteristic of the nursing process addresses the individualized care a client must receive
A. Effective
B. Efficient
C. Humanistic
D. Organized and systematic

The purpose of planning in the nursing process is to
A. Priorities problems
B. Promote client care
C. Write nursing orders
D. Develop individual care plan with desired outcome
ANSWER: A

Ophthalmic instruments sterilization is best carried out by
A. Boiling
B. Hot air oven
C. Antiseptics
D. All of the above

Staining of bacteria to identify its type using the Gestian violet stain, if it stains blue it is
A. gram positive
B. gram negative
C. both gram positive and negative
D. none of the above

Leucokoria(white eye) is the whitish appearance behind the pupil which is present in the following except
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Cataract
C. vitreous abscess
D. vitritis

The essential elements of negligence in nursing practice include
A. duty of care
B. breach of duty
C. consequential damage
D. A, B and C

What is the essential element that provide a defense for a nurse in a battery case
A. Consent
B. Threat
C. Force
D. Assault

The essential elements of negligence include
A. duty of care
B. breach of duty
C. consequential damage
D. A, B & C

A strong defense under emergency against litigation is
A. Documentation
B. Good Samaritan law
C. Off duty nurse
D. Non-response to doctor on call

Trachoma is best as having the features of
A. bacterial infection
B. viral infection
C. combination of bacterial and viral infections
D. fungal infection

Viral conjunctivitis is essentially characterized by
A. Injection
B. Tearing
C. Discharge
D. All of the above

The following are cause of hyphemia except
A. post operative complication of intraocular surgery
B. juvenile xathogranuloma
C. blood dyscrasias
D. black bell

The nursing management of hyphaema is
A. bed rest
B. pad the eye
C. viscoelastic band
D. psychological care

In history taking of ophthalmic patient the most important one is the
A. family history
B. past health history
C. chief complain
D. general information

The following are the concepts of primary health care except
A. Preventability
B. Affordability
C. Curability
D. Avoidability

Steroids though effective in combating inflammatory reactions in the eye, yet it’s use is confined to not more than
A. one week
B. two weeks
C. three weeks
D. four weeks

In injected eye astringents such as ------------- should not be used so as not to
A. complicate the diagnosis
B. mask the diagnosis
C. reveal the diagnosis
D. exercibate the diagnosis

Glaucomas are classified into following classes except
A. congenital and developmental
B. secondary
C. hereditary
D. primary adult glaucoma

The longest extraocular muscle is
a. Superior oblique
b. Inferior oblique
c. Superior rectus
d. Inferior rectus

Lamina crisbrosa present posteriorly in
a. Choroid
b. Descemet’s membrane
c. Sclera
d. Retina

Capsule the crystalline lens is thinnest at
a. Anterior pole
b. Posterior pole
c. Equator
d. Medial pole

Palpebral conjunctiva lining the lids is divided into the followings except
a. Marginal
b. Fornix
c. Tarsal
d. orbital

The Corneoscleral junction of importance
a. Medically
b. Refraction
c. Surgically
d. Examination

The total refractive power of the eye is 60 diopter, while that of Cornea is
a. 10 diopter
b. 40 diopter
c. 43 diopter
d. 53 diopter

The under listed are all extraocular muscles except
a. Inferior rectus
b. Lateral rectus
c. Inferior oblique
d. Lateral oblique

The normal optical state of the eye is called
a. Ammetropia
b. Emmetropia
c. Amblyopia
d. aphakia

Optical power of the lens is measured in
a. Prism
b. Micrometer
c. Diopter
d. Milliliter

The anterioposterior diameter of an adult eyeball is
a. 15mm
b. 25mm
c. 20mm
d. 25mm

In embryonic development, the out growth of the primitive forebrain is called the
a. Optic cup
b. Optic stalk
c. Optic vesicles
d. Optic nerve

Anteriorly, the Cornea forms_____________outer fibrous coat.
a. 1/3 of the eyeball
b. 1/4 of the eyeball
c. 1/5 of the eyeball
d. 1/6 of the eyeball

The Naso-lacrimal duct opens into the
a. Inferior meatus of the nose
b. Medial canthus
c. Inferior conchae
d. Accessory lacrimal glands

Tears is prevented from fast evaporation by the
a. Laminar layer
b. Lipid layer
c. Mucin layer
d. Aqeous layer